Table 2.
Summary of total, indirect, and direct effects of distal antecedents and marijuana protective behavioral strategy (PBS) use on marijuana outcomes in a comprehensive model
| Predictor variable | Outcome variables |
|||||
| Marijuana PBS use |
Marijuana use frequency |
Marijuana related consequences |
||||
| β | [99% CI] | β | [99% CI] | β | [99% CI] | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Total | .16 | [.10, .22] | -.14 | [-.20, -.08] | -.17 | [-.23, -.11] |
| Total indirecta | – | – | -.08 | [-.11,-.05] | -.07 | [-.09, -.04] |
| Marijuana PBS use | – | – | -.08 | [-.11,-.05] | -.04 | [-.06, -.02] |
| Marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | -.01 | [-.02, -.00] |
| Marijuana PBS use – marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | -.01 | [-.02, -.01] |
| Direct | .16 | [.10, .22] | -.07 | [-.12,-.01] | -.10 | [-.16, -.04] |
| Age at first use | ||||||
| Total | .07 | [-.07, .21] | -.04 | [-.15, .08] | -.08 | [-.19, .03] |
| Total indirecta | – | – | -.03 | [-.10, .03] | -.03 | [-.08, .03] |
| Marijuana PBS use | – | – | -.03 | [-.10, .03] | -.02 | [-.05, .02] |
| Marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | -.00 | [-.01, .01] |
| Marijuana PBS use – marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | -.01 | [-.02, .01] |
| Direct | .07 | [-.07, .21] | -.00 | [-.06, .06] | -.06 | [-.12, .01] |
| Premeditation | ||||||
| Total | .18 | [.09, .27] | -.04 | [-.12, .05] | -.10 | [-2.10, .10] |
| Total indirecta | – | – | -.08 | [-.13,-.04] | -.05 | [-.01, -.02] |
| Marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | .01 | [-1.27, .37] |
| Marijuana PBS use – marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | -.02 | [-.03, -.01] |
| Direct | .18 | [.09, .27] | .05 | [-.03, .12] | -.05 | [-.15, .05] |
| Perseverance | ||||||
| Total | .11 | [.01, .20] | -.09 | [-.18, .01] | -.05 | [-.15, .05] |
| Total indirecta | – | – | -.05 | [-.10, -.00] | -.04 | [-.08, -.01] |
| Marijuana PBS use | – | – | -.05 | [-.10, -.00] | -.03 | [-.05, -.00] |
| Marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | -.01 | [-.02, .01] |
| Marijuana PBS use – marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | -.01 | [-.02, .00] |
| Direct | .11 | [.01, .20] | -.04 | [-.12, .05] | -.01 | [-.10, .09] |
| Sensation seeking | ||||||
| Total | .01 | [-.06, .09] | -.01 | [-.08, .07] | -.02 | [-.11, .06] |
| Total indirecta | – | – | -.01 | [-.04, .03] | -.01 | [-.01, .01] |
| Marijuana PBS use | – | – | -.01 | [-.04, .03] | .00 | [-.02, .02] |
| Marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | -.00 | [-.42, .34] |
| Marijuana PBS use – marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | -.00 | [-.01, .01] |
| Direct | .01 | [-.06, .09] | -.00 | [-.07, .07] | -.02 | [-.10, .06] |
| Positive urgency | ||||||
| Total | -.02 | [-.12, .09] | -.03 | [-.13, .08] | -.08 | [-.19, .03] |
| Total indirecta | – | – | .01 | [-.04, .06] | .00 | [-.04, .04] |
| Marijuana PBS use | – | – | .01 | [-.04, .06] | .00 | [-.02, .03] |
| Marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | -.01 | [-.02, .01] |
| Marijuana PBS use – marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | .00 | [-.01, .01] |
| Direct | -.02 | [-.12, .09] | -.03 | [-.12, .06] | -.08 | [-.18, .03] |
| Negative urgency | ||||||
| Total | .05 | [-.05, .16] | -.06 | [-.16, .04] | .21 | [.09, .32] |
| Total indirecta | – | – | -.03 | [-.07, .02] | -.02 | [-.06, .02] |
| Marijuana PBS use | – | – | -.03 | [-.07, .02] | -.01 | [-.04, .01] |
| Marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | -.01 | [-.02, .01] |
| Marijuana PBS use – marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | -.01 | [-.01, .01] |
| Direct | .05 | [-.05, .16] | -.03 | [-.13, .06] | .23 | [.13, .33] |
| Social motives | ||||||
| Total | -.03 | [-.11, .06] | .00 | [-.09, .09] | -.02 | [-.11, .07] |
| Total indirecta | – | – | .01 | [-.03, .05] | .01 | [-.04, .04] |
| Marijuana PBS use | – | – | .01 | [-.03, .05] | .01 | [-.02, .03] |
| Marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | -.00 | [-.02, .01] |
| Marijuana PBS use – marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | .00 | [-.01, .01] |
| Direct | -.03 | [-.11, .06] | -.01 | [-.09, .07] | -.03 | [-.11, .05] |
| Coping motives | ||||||
| Total | -.22 | [-.30, -.14] | .20 | [12, .29] | .21 | [.13, .29] |
| Total indirecta | – | – | .10 | [.07, .14] | .09 | [.06, .13] |
| Marijuana PBS use | – | – | .10 | [.07, .14] | .06 | [.03, .08] |
| Marijuana use frequency | – | – | .02 | [.00, .04] | ||
| Marijuana PBS use – marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | .02 | [.01, .03] |
| Direct | -.22 | [-.30, -.14] | .10 | [.03, .18] | .11 | [.04, .19] |
| Enhancement motives | ||||||
| Total | -0.6 | [-.16, .03] | .11 | [.03, .19] | .04 | [-.05, .12] |
| Total indirecta | – | – | .03 | [-.02, .08] | .04 | [.00, .07] |
| Marijuana PBS use | – | .03 | [-.02, .08] | .02 | [-.01, .04] | |
| Marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | .02 | [-.00, .03] | |
| Marijuana PBS use – marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | .01 | [-.00, .01] |
| Direct | -0.6 | [-.16, .03] | .08 | [.01, .16] | -.00 | [-.08, .08] |
| Conformity motives | ||||||
| Total | .10 | [.02, .19] | -.15 | [-.23, -.07] | .06 | [-.04, .16] |
| Total indirecta | -.05 | [-.09,-.01] | -.05 | [-.09, -.02] | ||
| Marijuana PBS use | – | – | -.05 | [-.09,-.01] | -.03 | [-.05, -.00] |
| Marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | -.02 | [-.03, -.00] |
| Marijuana PBS use – marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | – | -.01 | [-.02, .00] |
| Direct | .10 | [.02, .19] | -.10 | [-.18, -.03] | .12 | [.03, .21] |
| Expansion motives | ||||||
| Total | .13 | [-.19, -.06] | .19 | [.11, .27] | .07 | [.00, .14] |
| Total indirecta | – | – | .06 | [.03, .10] | .07 | [.04, .10] |
| Marijuana PBS use | – | – | .06 | [.03, .10] | .03 | [.01, .06] |
| Marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | .02 | [.01, .04] | |
| Marijuana PBS use – marijuana use frequency | – | – | – | .01 | [.00, .02] | |
| Direct | .13 | [-.19, -.06] | .13 | [.06, .20] | .00 | [-.07, .07] |
| PBS use | ||||||
| Total | -.47 | [-.53,-.41] | -.35 | [-.41,-.28] | ||
| Total indirect (marijuana use frequency) | -.09 | [-.13, -.05] | ||||
| Direct | – | – | -.47 | [.53,-.41] | -.26 | [-.34,-.17] |
Notes: Significant associations are in bold typeface for emphasis and were determined by a 99% bias-corrected unstandardized bootstrapped confidence interval (based on 10,000 bootstrapped samples) that does not contain zero.
a
Reflects the combined indirect associations via marijuana PBS use, marijuana use frequency, marijuana PBS use via marijuana use frequency.