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. 2017 Aug 11;7:7908. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08243-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cell cycle timing in embryos with altered nuclear size and ploidy. One-cell diploid and haploid embryos were microinjected with mRNA to alter nuclear size, and bright-field time-lapse imaging was performed on the animal pole surface at 5-min intervals at 21 °C. (a) Still frame images of 7 hpf embryos. Scale bar, 100 µm. (b) Cell-cycle lengths were measured for at least five cells per embryo starting at the ninth cell division for three embryos per condition. Data from two independent experiments are shown; error bars represent SD. (c) Cell sizes were estimated by quantifying the diameter of surface-exposed cells on the animal pole of 7 hpf embryos. For each embryo, several random regions were selected for cell size quantification. Cells from at least two embryos were quantified for each condition. Total number of cells quantified: diploid control, n = 34; haploid control, n = 34; diploid increased nuclear size, n = 42; haploid increased nuclear size, n = 43; diploid decreased nuclear size, n = 22; haploid decreased nuclear size, n = 36. Error bars represent SD. ***p < 0.001; *p < 0.05; NS = not significant.