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. 2017 Aug 11;7:7887. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07653-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic representation of cell spreading and cell–nanofibre interaction. (a) The cell shape was taken from the experimental database. All protrusions are marked with orange circles. Arrows show the direction of the resulting force driving the cell expansion at the attachment sites. If no guiding fibres exist, the cell spreads equidirectionally, and the forces are directed from the centre of mass of the cell (cm). If a nanofibre exists (at the bottom), and the cell is already attached to it, then the force is aligned with the fibre. (b) Energy terms, applied for different copy attemts of the attachment site to the non-attachment subcell, from the isotropic sibstrate to the fiber or in opposite direction.