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. 2017 Apr 5;469(9):1039–1050. doi: 10.1007/s00424-017-1968-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 3 — Expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and thus the number of activated PSCs (aPSCs), increases as a result of tissue inflammation. In the healthy mouse pancreas (upper panel) α-SMA-positive staining (red) is only present in the vascular smooth muscle cells in the blood vessels and is labelled as vascular smooth muscle actin (VSMA). Induction of pancreatitis (by ethanol and fatty acids) leads to a sudden appearance of α-SMA-positive cells—aPSCs—scattered within the parenchymal tissue