Table 3.

Associations between postnatal maternal NLEs^* and childhood PFT z-scores^†: Linear regression

	Univariate Model			Multivariable-adjusted Models‡
	β	s.e.	p	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
				β	s.e.	p	β	s.e.	p	β	s.e.	p
Outcome: FEV1
NLEs 0	Ref	--	--	Ref	--	--	Ref	--	--	Ref	--	--
NLEs: 1–2	0.11	0.18	0.57	0.12	0.18	0.50	0.14	0.18	0.46	0.12	0.17	0.48
NLEs: 3–4	0.16	0.22	0.47	0.16	0.22	0.46	0.12	0.22	0.58	0.14	0.21	0.52
NLEs ≥5	−0.52	0.27	0.05	−0.48	0.26	0.07	−0.54	0.27	0.04	−0.51	0.25	0.04
Outcome: FVC
NLEs 0	Ref	--	--	Ref	--	--	Ref	--	--	Ref	--	--
NLEs: 1–2	0.12	0.18	0.51	0.14	0.18	0.45	0.15	0.18	0.40	0.141	0.17	0.42
NLEs: 3–4	0.17	0.22	0.43	0.18	0.22	0.42	0.13	0.22	0.54	0.15	0.21	0.48
NLEs ≥5	−0.51	0.26	0.06	−0.47	0.26	0.07	−0.54	0.26	0.04	−0.51	0.25	0.04
Outcome: FEF25-75%
NLEs 0	Ref	--	--	Ref	--	--	Ref	--	--	Ref	--	--
NLEs: 1–2	0.09	0.19	0.64	0.11	0.19	0.55	0.12	0.19	0.53	0.11	0.18	0.55
NLEs: 3–4	0.14	0.22	0.53	0.14	0.22	0.52	0.12	0.22	0.59	0.13	0.22	0.56
NLEs ≥5	−0.49	0.27	0.07	−0.44	0.27	0.11	−0.47	0.27	0.08	−0.45	0.27	0.09
Outcome: FEV1/FVC ratio
NLEs 0	Ref	--	--	Ref	--	--	Ref	--	--	Ref	--	--
NLEs: 1–2	−0.22	0.19	0.23	−0.22	0.19	0.23	−0.24	0.18	0.19	−0.23	0.18	0.20
NLEs: 3–4	−0.19	0.22	0.40	−0.19	0.22	0.40	−0.13	0.22	0.57	−0.15	0.22	0.49
NLEs ≥5	0.31	0.27	0.25	0.30	0.27	0.26	0.40	0.27	0.14	0.37	0.26	0.15

^*Postnatal NLEs sample sizes: NLE 0 n=40 (23.1%), NLE 1–2 n=79 (45.7%), NLE 3–4 n=35 (20.2%), NLE≥5 n=19 (11%)

^†PFT z-scores adjusted for age, sex, height, race

^‡Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models (Models 1–3) predicting PFT z-scores (dependent variables).

Model 1 adjusted for maternal education.

Model 2 adjusted for maternal education, child's asthma diagnosis (yes/no)

Model 3 adjusted for maternal education, child's asthma diagnosis (yes/no), birthweight z-score, tobacco smoke exposure