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. 2017 Jul 30;2017:1438038. doi: 10.1155/2017/1438038

Table 3.

Echocardiographic criteria to define hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA), representing the cut-off for treatment according to the authors, and Heterogeneous characteristics of the studied populations.

Authors Year PDA size LA/Ao ratio (i) Studied population
(ii) Postnatal age at diagnosis
(i) Birth weight
(ii) Gestational age
Roofthooft et al.1 [22] 2015 >2 mm >1,6 (i) 33 VLBW with these echo features
(ii) Median 51 days group A, 30 days group B, none in group C2
(i) <1500 g
(ii) <28 w

Dash et al. [85] 2015 ≥1,5 mm >1,5 (i) 77 preterms with these echo features
(ii) <48 hours
(i) ≤1500
(ii) Mean: 28,5 w Para group, 28,9 w Ibu group

Peňa-Juárez et al.3 [123] 2015 ≥1 mm >1,8 (i) 10 preterms with these echo features
(ii) <10 days
(i) 840–1600 g
(ii) 30–36 w

Härkin et al. [108] 2016 Diameter > 50% LPA >1,4 (i) Among 63 screened VLBW patients, 48 had these echo features and underwent randomization (76,2%)
(ii) n.e.
(i) Mean: 1220 g Para group, 1120 placebo group
(ii) <32 w

Valerio et al.4 [87] 2016 ≥1,4 mm/Kg ≥1,4 (i) Among the 196 studied preterms, 102 had PDA (52%), and, among these patients, 48 (47,1%) had these echo features
(ii) Echo performed at 48–72 hours
(i) Mean: 853,3 g “first-line” group, 887,7 g “rescue group”5
(ii) 23–32 w

Bagheri et al. [18] 2016 >1,5 mm >1,2 (i) 160 patients enrolled for hsPDA but 31 excluded. Final group: 129 patients
(ii) ≤14 days
(i) Mean: 1646 g Para group, 1642 g Ibu group
(ii) <37 w

El-Mashad et al. [55] 2015 >1,5 mm >1,6 (i) 300 preterms with these echo features
(ii) ≤ 14 days
<1500 g
<28 w

Dani et al. [84] 2016 >1,5 mm >1,3 (i) On course
(ii) 48–72 hours
(i) n.e.
(ii) 25–31+6 w

Tofé Valera et al. [117] 2016 >2 mm >1,5 (i) 3 preterms
(ii) 3, 5 and 14 days
(i) <1900 g
(ii) <32 w

Yang et al. [88] 2016 >1,4 mm >1,4 (i) Among 96 neonates with these echo features, 87 underwent randomization
(ii) 15 hours–10 days
(i) Mean: 2091 g Ibu group, 2219 g Para group
(ii) <37 w

Memisoglu et al. [118] 2016 >1.4 mm/kg >1.4  (i) 11 preterms
(ii) n.k.
(i) 415–1580 g
(ii) 23–30+3 w

Benitz and Committee on Fetus and Newborn [6] 2016 ≥1,5 mm ≥1,5 (i) n.e.
(ii) n.e.
(i) n.e.
(ii) n.e.

Tan and Baral [12] 2016 ≥1,4 mm ≥1,5 (i) n.e.
(ii) n.e.
(i) n.e.
(ii) 25–37 w

Vettukattil [33] 2016 >1.4 mm >1.4 (i) n.e.
(ii) n.e.
(i) n.e.
(ii) n.e.

PDAsize: mm or mm/Kg; PA = Pulmonary Artery; La/Ao ratio = left atrium/aorta diameter; LVO/FVC = Left ventricular output and systemic flow through superior vena cava; LPA = Left Pulmonary Artery; Qp/Qs = Pulmonary/Systemic Flow Ratio; Para = paracetamol; Ibu = ibuprofen; echo = echocardiographic; w = weeks; g = grams; n.e. = not explained in the text; n.k. = not known data; 1PDA/LPA > 0,8; 2Group A: paracetamol first choice for ibuprofen primary contraindication. Group B: paracetamol after ibuprofen incomplete courses for development of contraindication. Group C: paracetamol after failure of two complete ibuprofen courses; 3Qp/Qs ratio > 1,8; 4LVO/FVC ratio ≥ 4. 5“First-line” group: paracetamol as first-choice therapy for ibuprofen contraindications. “Rescue” group: paracetamol after ibuprofen failure or for development of contraindications during its administration.