Table 2.

Characteristics and management of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome in the maxillofacial region.

Diseases	Clinical features	Pharmacological treatments	Side effects	Surgical/local treatments	Limitation
Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome	Pain, dull and aching type Pain duration, constant Intensity, moderate Localization, diffuse Characteristics, generalized, spontaneous Trigger point, palpation, function	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug	(i) Indigestion (ii) Stomach upset (iii) Stomach bleeding (iv) Peptic ulcer (v) Fluid retention	Psychotherapy	(i) Failure of episodic counseling and patient's ignorance
		Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)	(As stated in Table 1)	Myotherapy	(i) Regular monitoring is not possible
				Injections	(i) As it is a painful procedure, the patient feels uncomfortable during injection
		Sedatives (on condition)	(i) Apnea (ii) Decreased mean arterial pressure (iii) Tachycardia (iv) Paradoxical excitement	Acupuncture	(i) Painful procedure
				Therapeutic ultrasound	(i) A skilled person is needed, and the patient is still under observation