Table 1.
Factors associated with occurrence of TIAEs and severe TIAEs*
| Factors | Any TIAEs or desaturation <80% N=1,617 |
No event N=3,887 |
p-value | Any TIAEs N= 892 |
No TIAEs N= 4,612 |
p-value | Severe TIAEs N= 364 |
No severe TIAEs N= 5,140 |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Age | |||||||||
| Age in year (median, IQR) | 0 (0–4) | 1 (0–7) | <0.0001 | 1 (0–5) | 1 (0–6) | 0.06 | 2 (0–7) | 1 (0–6) | 0.005 |
| Infant | 814 (50%) | 1,716 (44%) | <0.001 | 429 (48%) | 2,101 (46%) | 0.12 | 142 (39%) | 2,388 (46%) | 0.02 |
| Child (1–7 year) | 525 (33%) | 1,307 (34%) | 300 (34%) | 1,532 (33%) | 137 (38%) | 1,695 (33%) | |||
| Older child (8–17 year) | 278 (17%) | 864 (22%) | 163 (18%) | 979 (21%) | 85 (23%) | 1,057 (21%) | |||
|
| |||||||||
| PIM2‡ (%, median, IQR) | 1.7 (0.8–5.3) | 1.9 (0.9–6.1) | 0.11 | 1.9 (0.9–5.5) | 1.9 (0.9–5.9) | 0.92 | 2.6 (0.9–6.4) | 1.8 (0.9–5.8) | 0.16 |
|
| |||||||||
| Diagnosis | P<0.001 | 0.003 | 0.002 | ||||||
| Lower respiratory | 611 (38%) | 1,232 (32%) | 300 (34%) | 1,543 (33%) | 111 (30%) | 1,732 (34%) | |||
| Upper respiratory | 175 (11%) | 385 (10%) | 90 (10%) | 470 (10%) | 36 (10%) | 524 (10%) | |||
| Neurological | 174 (11%) | 815 (21%) | 119 (13%) | 870 (19%) | 46 (13%) | 943 (18%) | |||
| Cardiac-surgical | 176 (11%) | 380 (10%) | 95 (11%) | 461 (10%) | 35 (10%) | 521 (10%) | |||
| Cardiac-medical | 103 (6%) | 240 (6%) | 62 (7%) | 281 (6%) | 30 (8%) | 313 (6%) | |||
| Sepsis | 133 (8%) | 251 (6%) | 80 (9%) | 304 (7%) | 42 (12%) | 342 (7%) | |||
| Trauma | 24 (1%) | 85 (2%) | 16 (2%) | 93 (2%) | 8 (2%) | 101 (2%) | |||
| Other | 221 (14%) | 499 (13%) | 130 (14%) | 590 (13%) | 56 (15%) | 664 (13%) | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Indication for tracheal intubation** | |||||||||
| Respiratory | 1,072 (66%) | 2,095 (54%) | <0.001 | 562 (63%) | 2,605 (56%) | <0.001 | 239 (66%) | 2,928 (57%) | 0.001 |
| Upper airway obstruction | 197 (12%) | 405 (10%) | 0.06 | 103 (12%) | 499 (11%) | 0.52 | 47 (13%) | 555 (11%) | 0.21 |
| Hemodynamic | 250 (15%) | 444 (11%) | <0.001 | 173 (19%) | 521 (11%) | <0.001 | 102 (28%) | 592 (12%) | <0.001 |
| Procedural | 178 (11%) | 813 (21%) | <0.001 | 101 (11%) | 890 (19%) | <0.001 | 30 (8%) | 961 (19%) | <0.001 |
| Impaired airway protection | 108 (7%) | 306 (8%) | 0.13 | 78 (9%) | 336 (7%) | 0.13 | 38 (10%) | 376 (7%) | 0.03 |
| Neuromuscular weakness | 42 (3%) | 114 (3%) | 0.50 | 28 (3%) | 128 (3%) | 0.55 | 14 (4%) | 142 (3%) | 0.23 |
| Pulmonary toilet | 96 (6%) | 188 (5%) | 0.10 | 48 (5%) | 236 (5%) | 0.74 | 22 (6%) | 262 (5%) | 0.43 |
| Therapeutic hyperventilation | 7 (0%) | 61 (2%) | 0.001 | 5 (1%) | 63 (1%) | 0.046 | 2 (1%) | 66 (1%) | 0.32 |
|
| |||||||||
| Difficult airway features | |||||||||
| History of difficult airway | 287 (18%) | 507 (13%) | <0.001 | 146 (16%) | 648 (14%) | 0.07 | 55 (15%) | 739 (14%) | 0.70 |
| Upper airway obstruction | 204 (13%) | 348 (9%) | <0.001 | 118 (13 %) | 434 (9 %) | 0.001 | 56 (15%) | 496 (10%) | <0.001 |
*
TIAE: tracheal intubation associated events
‡
PIM2 data were missing in 1,248 cases (22.7%). The missingness was not associated with ICU mortality. IQR denotes interquartile range.
**
Patients may have more than one indication for intubation