Table 1.

Extrathoracic manifestation of TB disease

Organ System	Potential disease manifestations
Central nervous system	Meningitis; tuberculoma; stroke
Ocular	Uveitis; phlyctenular conjunctivitis*
Otic/nasopharyngeal	Chronic suppurative otitis media; mastoiditis; tonsillitis; laryngeal involvement
Cardiac	Pericardial effusion; secondary right sided heart failure from extensive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis.
Abdominal	Peritonitis; enteritis; involvement of lymph nodes; visceral involvement (especially liver and spleen)
Genitourinary†	Genital involvement possible for females>males; Interstitial nephritis; glomerulonephritis
Osteoarticular	Vertebral osteomyelitis; other skeletal involvement possible, especially tubular and flat bones; dactylitis; joint effusions/arthritis (less common); reactive arthritis (Poncet’s Disease).
Lymphatic	Peripheral (cervical > axillary > inguinal region) or central adenopathy
Cutaneous	Numerous manifestations from exogenous infection (chancres, warts) or endogenous spread (lupus vulgaris,pustulonodular lesions); Erythema induratum of Bazin

^*hypersensitivity reaction;

^†uncommonly seen in young children due to long latency for reactivation in these organs