Exhibit 3.

Meta-analysis results for the higher-morbidity population sample in patient-centered medical homes and comparison practices

				p value of:
Measure	Number of studies	Adjusted average baselinea	DID estimate (% of baseline)b	DID regression estimateb	Chi-square test of heterogeneityc	I2d
Cost excluding pharmacy	7	666,710.60	−4.20	0.05	0.01	68%
Visits
Primary care	10	408.11	−0.56	0.42	<0:001	63
Specialty care	9	341.74	−0.62	0.27	0.26	21
ED, potentially avoidable	9	27.99	−1.00	0.48	0.01	66
ED, all	9	69.41	−0.16	0.90	<0:001	75
Inpatient, ambulatory care–sensitive	8	4.17	−6.95	0.14	0.02	58
Inpatient, all	10	23.21	−0.65	0.75	0.01	64
Cancer Screening
Cervical	5	32.21	1.18	0.64	0.08	52
Breast	8	43.94	1.43	0.01	0.61	0
Colorectal	7	33.29	0.66	0.64	0.06	51
Tests for patients with diabetes
Eye exam	8	45.98	−1.78	0.52	<0:001	96
HbA1c test	8	73.46	0.10	0.85	0.16	34
Lipid test	6	80.30	−0.10	0.86	0.32	15

SOURCE Authors’ analysis of study data. NOTES ED is emergency department. HbA1c is hemoglobin A1c.

^aPer 1,000 patient-months, except cost excluding pharmacy, which is reported in dollars.

^bDID is difference-in-differences, referring to the difference between the change in the intervention practices from the pre to the post period and the change in the comparison practices from the pre to the post period.

^cThe chi-square test of heterogeneity tests the overlap between the confidence intervals of estimates from all studies included in the meta-analysis model. A p value of 0.05 or less indicates significant heterogeneity across study estimates.

^dThe I² statistic quantifies the inconsistency across estimates from studies included in the meta-analysis. The greater the I² percentage, the greater the inconsistency, and the conventional threshold above which heterogeneity is considerable is 75 percent.