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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Intern Med. 2017 Jan 1;177(1):87–95. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.7511

Figure. Association Between Smoking Status and All-Cause Mortality.

Figure

Hazard ratios among lifelong consistent smokers of fewer than 1 cigarette per day (CPD) (A) and (B) 1 to 10 CPD relative to never smokers. Includes individuals with complete information on smoking frequency at different age stages, including those who reported not smoking at 1 or more age stages (20–24, 25–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥70 years) but reported smoking at a later age stage; those who started smoking at 60 years or older were excluded. Data were adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific islander, American Indian or Alaskan native, and unknown), educational level (<high school, high school, post–high school training, some college, college graduate or postgraduate, and unknown), alcohol intake, and physical activity. Age was used as the underlying time metric. Error bars indicate 95% CI.