Table 2.
Temperature | Flavonoid or phenolic acid | 0 mo μg/g skin | 15 mo μg/g skin | Difference μg/g skin | P-Value difference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 °C | Iso3R | 639 ± 201 | 1274 ± 365 | 635 ± 205 | 1.18 × 10−5 |
Iso3Glu | 139 ± 142 | 315 ± 325 | 176 ± 191 | 0.0857 | |
K3R | 196 ± 155 | 295 ± 218 | 98.8 ± 70.8 | 0.1944 | |
CA | 184 ± 98 | 278 ± 157 | 93.3 ± 88.5 | 0.0822 | |
pHBA | 3.97 ± 0.881 | 75.2 ± 25.0 | 71.2 ± 24.7a | 3.01 × 10−10 | |
diOHK | 49.9 ± 26.6 | 117 ± 52 | 66.7 ± 31.3 | 0.0004 | |
N7Glu | 35.8 ± 20.4 | 58.9 ± 33.3 | 23.1 ± 17.1 | 0.0431 | |
EC | 68.6 ± 32.5 | 88.2 ± 50.1 | 19.7 ± 31.7 | 0.2466 | |
Q3Gal | 6.45 ± 4.71 | 16.0 ± 10.8 | 9.51 ± 6.59 | 0.0078 | |
K3Glu | 23.2 ± 11.8 | 29.1 ± 15.7 | 5.81 ± 6.39 | 0.2961 | |
K | 2.40 ± 2.04 | 4.82 ± 4.5 | 2.42 ± 2.54 | 0.0885 | |
E | 2.75 ± 1.11 | 4.86 ± 1.81 | 2.11 ± 0.98 | 0.0015 | |
K3Gal | 7.17 ± 6.31 | 8.84 ± 7.60 | 1.67 ± 2.88 | 0.5489 | |
Q3R | 8.15 ± 3.50 | 8.46 ± 3.12 | 0.310 ± 1.389 | 0.8138 | |
Q | 3.12 ± 0.95 | 2.17 ± 0.84 | −0.950 ± 0.361 | 0.0124 | |
Iso | 10.9 ± 18.7 | 8.11 ± 13.9 | −2.80 ± 5.25 | 0.6685 | |
PCA | 44.6 ± 15.3 | 24.9 ± 9.02 | −19.7 ± 13.5a | 0.0005 | |
N | 83.4 ± 41.3 | 36.3 ± 14.8 | −47.1 ± 27.7 | 0.0007 | |
Sum | 1508 ± 411 | 2644 ± 659 | 1135 ± 356a | 2.09 × 10−5 | |
23 °C | Iso3R | 639 ± 201 | 1361 ± 407 | 722 ± 240 | 6.56 × 10−6 |
Iso3Glu | 139 ± 142 | 325 ± 376 | 186 ± 246 | 0.1081 | |
pHBA | 3.97 ± 0.881 | 170 ± 25 | 166 ± 25a | 4.09 × 10−18 | |
CA | 184 ± 98 | 338 ± 190 | 154 ± 116 | 0.0157 | |
K3R | 196 ± 155 | 317 ± 224 | 121 ± 79 | 0.1228 | |
diOHK | 49.9 ± 26.6 | 124 ± 57 | 73.9 ± 34.9 | 0.0003 | |
EC | 68.6 ± 32.5 | 103 ± 49 | 34.6 ± 33.1 | 0.0435 | |
N7Glu | 35.8 ± 20.4 | 65.7 ± 36.4 | 29.9 ± 22.3 | 0.0162 | |
K3Glu | 23.2 ± 11.8 | 52.1 ± 47.5 | 28.8 ± 46.9 | 0.0446 | |
Q3Gal | 6.45 ± 4.71 | 19.4 ± 15.5 | 12.9 ± 11.6 | 0.0081 | |
PCA | 44.6 ± 15.3 | 50.4 ± 8.9 | 5.78 ± 12.32a | 0.2520 | |
Q3R | 8.15 ± 3.50 | 12.3 ± 10.8 | 4.18 ± 9.24 | 0.1978 | |
K3Gal | 7.17 ± 6.31 | 10.7 ± 7.0 | 3.51 ± 3.61 | 0.1921 | |
K | 2.40 ± 2.04 | 5.19 ± 4.56 | 2.79 ± 2.70 | 0.0550 | |
E | 2.75 ± 1.11 | 5.17 ± 2.01 | 2.42 ± 1.06 | 0.0009 | |
Q | 3.12 ± 0.95 | 2.43 ± 0.89 | −0.692 ± 0.409 | 0.0669 | |
Iso | 10.9 ± 18.7 | 9.25 ± 15.6 | −1.65 ± 3.65 | 0.8086 | |
N | 83.4 ± 41.3 | 39.7 ± 16.8 | −43.7 ± 26.3 | 0.0017 | |
Sum | 1508 ± 411 | 3010 ± 826 | 1501 ± 516a | 4.69 × 10−6 |
Data is mean ± SD, n = 13. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2.
P ≤ 0.05 for temperature effect, tested using a 2-tailed paired t-test.