Table 4.

Recommendations based on themes from qualitative interviews with prostate cancer providers about active surveillance.

Recommendations	Ways to implement
1. Future research comparing AS protocols	Studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of various AS protocols vs individualized care for patients on AS. More data are needed on the optimum type and frequency of testing during AS, and how this may vary based on patient characteristics
2. Training for residents	AS should be a topic covered during residency. Newly trained urologists should be aware that AS is a viable option for patients with low-risk prostate cancer. Training should include an overview of current protocols and guidelines, how to discuss active surveillance with patients and which testing options are available
3. CME	CME courses can enhance comfort with AS for those with limited exposure during training and can provide evidence updates for those already employing AS. This training should include how to incorporate shared decision-making and follow-up testing options

AS, active surveillance; CME, continuing medical education.