Table 1.
Baseline characteristics stratified according to tertiles of positive affect score (low, moderate and high positive affect)a total n = 8542.
| Characteristics | Low | Moderate | High | p-Trendb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age M (SD) | 57.85 (14.97) | 55.66 (14.32) | 53.68 (13.64) | < 0.001 |
| Female, no. (%) | 2095 (69) | 1977 (64) | 1299 (54) | < 0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity no. (%) | 0.46 | |||
| Black | 389 (13) | 361 (12) | 282 (12) | |
| White | 2643 (87) | 2713 (87) | 2069 (87) | |
| Other | 20 (1) | 28 (1) | 37 (2) | |
| Married, no. (%) | 1936 (63) | 2208 (71) | 1809 (76) | < 0.001 |
| Wealth category $, no. (%)c | < 0.001 | |||
| < 3000 | 438 (14) | 275 (9) | 174 (7) | |
| 3000–5999 | 584 (19) | 483 (16) | 318 (13) | |
| 6000–14,999 | 1504 (49) | 1570 (51) | 1172 (49) | |
| > 14,999 | 526 (17) | 774 (25) | 724 (30) | |
| Education category, no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| ≤ 8 years | 767 (25) | 590 (19) | 404 (17) | |
| 9–11 years | 575 (19) | 488 (16) | 340 (14) | |
| 12 years | 1099 (36) | 1211 (39) | 878 (37) | |
| > 12 years | 611 (20) | 813 (26) | 766 (32) | |
| CESD score Mdn (IQR) | 12 (6–18) | 5 (2–10) | 3 (0–6) | < 0.001 |
| Stress score M (SD) | 10.26 (4.68) | 7.55 (3.90) | 5.33 (3.35) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) M (SD) | 26.50 (5.38) | 26.36 (4.95) | 25.93 (4.38) | < 0.001 |
| Recreational activity, no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Inactive | 1443 (47) | 975 (31) | 497 (21) | |
| Moderate | 1336 (44) | 1652 (53) | 1260 (53) | |
| Vigorous | 273 (9) | 475 (15) | 631 (26) | |
| Non-recreational activity, no. (%) | ||||
| Inactive | 786 (26) | 408 (13) | 201 (08) | |
| Moderate | 1746 (57) | 1841 (59) | 1205 (50) | |
| Vigorous | 520 (17) | 853 (27) | 982 (41) | |
| Alcohol consumption, no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Abstainer | 1498 (49) | 1304 (42) | 886 (37) | |
| Light drinker | 1249 (41) | 1419 (46) | 1222 (51) | |
| Moderate drinker | 305 (10) | 379 (12) | 280 (12) | |
| Smoking status, no. (%) | 0.64 | |||
| Non-smoker | 1370 (45) | 1447 (47) | 1056 (440 | |
| Former smoker | 792 (26) | 826 (27) | 669 (28) | |
| Smoker | 890 (29) | 829 (27) | 663 (28) | |
| ≥ 5 servings of fruit and veg, no. (%) | 1049 (34) | 1191 (38) | 922 (39) | 0.001 |
| Sleep duration categories, no. (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| < 5 h | 125 (4) | 51 (2) | 30 (1) | |
| 5–9 h | 2810 (92) | 2959 (95) | 2307 (97) | |
| > 9 h | 117 (4) | 92 (3) | 51 (2) | |
| History of CVD, no. (%) | 274 (9) | 161 (5) | 72 (3) | < 0.001 |
| History of cancer, no. (%) | 309 (10) | 258 (8) | 182 (8) | 0.003 |
| History of chronic lung disease, no. (%) | 443 (15) | 282 (9) | 135 (6) | < 0.001 |
a
The cut points for positive affect tertiles were based on the analytic sample.
b
Statistical significance is based χ2 tests or one-way ANOVA, as appropriate.
c
$3000 in 1975 has the equivalent value of $13,646 in 2017.