A, B) A549 cells were infected with control lentivirus (A549-sh-Neg) or a lentivirus encoding small hairpin RNA against Pard3 (A549-sh-Pard3) or PKCζ (A549-sh-PKCζ). Stable colonies were selected by incubation with media containing puromycin. C) 0.2 million of these cells were plated, and the number of cells were counted at day 1, 3, 5, and 7 of culture. D) 2 million of A549-sh-Neg, A549-sh-Pard3, or A549-sh-PKCζ cells were injected into the lateral tail vein of athymic nude mice, and after 5 weeks, the metastatic cancer colonies were counted in the left lungs. n > 6; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01. The representative images of right lung sections of mice injected with A549-sh-Neg and A549-sh-Pard3 cells are shown in (E).