Table 3.

Logistic Regression Estimates of Associations Between ACEs Before Age 5 Years and Parent-Reported ADHD at Age 9 Years and ACEs Between Age 5 and 9 Years and Parent-Reported ADHD at Age 9 Years

	Model 1*		Model 2*		Model 3*
	OR (95% CI)	AOR* (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	AOR* (95% CI)	AOR* (95% CI)
Number of ACEs before age 5 years
0	Referent	Referent	-	-	Referent
1	1.2 (0.8–1.8)	1 (0.6–1.6)	-	-	0.8 (0.5–1.3)
2	2.1 (1.3–3.3)	1.5 (0.9–2.6)	-	-	1.1 (0.6–2.0)
≥3	2.6 (1.5–4.7)	1.6 (0.8–3.2)	-	-	1 (0.5–2.1)
Number of ACEs between ages 5 and 9 years
0	-	-	Referent	Referent	Referent
1	-	-	1.9 (1.3–2.9)	1.8 (1.2–2.9)	1.9 (1.2–3.0)
2	-	-	2.4 (1.5–3.8)	2.1 (1.3–3.6)	2.1 (1.2–3.8)
≥3	-	-	3.1 (1.8–5.4)	2.2 (1.1–4.1)	2.2 (1.1–4.3)

ACE indicates adverse childhood experience; ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; and OR, odds ratio.

^*Model 1 includes ACEs occurring before age 5 years, Model 2 includes ACEs occurring between age 5 and 9 years, and Model 3 includes ACEs occurring before age 5 years and between ages 5 and 9 years. Adjusted for child gender, race, ethnicity, maternal education, and parent relationship status at baseline; maternal impulsivity and parent-reported ADHD diagnosis at age 5 years; and income at age 9 years.