Table 3.
Adjusted hazard ratios for specific causes of death by period of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for first year of ART and second and third years of ART
| Number of deaths |
Period of ART initiation |
Per period | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996–99 | 2000–03 | 2004–07 | 2008–10 | ||||
| First year of follow-up | |||||||
| AIDS | 902 | 0·98 (0·83–1·16) | 1 | 0·94 (0·79–1·11) | 0·71 (0·56–0·90) | 0·93 (0·86–0·99) | |
| Non-AIDs | 525 | 1·04 (0·83–1·30) | 1 | 1·09 (0·88–1·35) | 0·48 (0·34–0·67) | 0·87 (0·80–0·95) | |
| Non-AIDS infection | 117 | 0·89 (0·55–1·43) | 1 | 1·11 (0·71–1·74) | 0·45 (0·22–0·94) | 0·91 (0·76–1·10) | |
| Non-AIDS, non-hepatitis malignancies | 122 | 1·01 (0·61–1·68) | 1 | 1·53 (0·97–2·39) | 0·65 (0·34–1·24) | 0·99 (0·83–1·18) | |
| Liver-related | 76 | 1·07 (0·60–1·88) | 1 | 0·93 (0·52–1·67) | 0·36 (0·14–0·96) | 0·80 (0·63–1·01) | |
| Cardiovascular | 64 | 0·95 (0·52–1·73) | 1 | 0·72 (0·39–1·35) | 0·19 (0·06–0·62) | 0·71 (0·55–0·92) | |
| Other | 146 | 1·18 (0·78–1·78) | 1 | 1·03 (0·67–1·59) | 0·64 (0·34–1·19) | 0·87 (0·73–1·02) | |
| Unnatural* | 107 | 1·37 (0·82–2·29) | 1 | 1·49 (0·90–2·48) | 0·62 (0·29–1·34) | 0·89 (0·73–1·08) | |
| Missing/unknown | 572 | 1·00 (0·81–1·24) | 1 | 0·86 (0·69–1·08) | 0·98 (0·76–1·23) | 0·97 (0·89–1·05) | |
| Second and third years of follow-up | |||||||
| AIDS | 646 | 1·34 (1·12–1·60) | 1 | 0·74 (0·59–0·92) | 0·35 (0·24–0·51) | 0·69 (0·64–0·76) | |
| Non-AIDS | 770 | 1·12 (0·94–1·34) | 1 | 0·86 (0·71–1·03) | 0·29 (0·21–0·40) | 0·75 (0·69–0·81) | |
| Non-AIDS infection | 132 | 0·79 (0·52–1·19) | 1 | 0·66 (0·43–1·04) | 0·27 (0·12–0·59) | 0·79 (0·66–0·95) | |
| Non-AIDS, non-hepatitis malignancies | 206 | 1·48 (1·03–2·13) | 1 | 1·40 (0·97–2·00) | 0·50 (0·28–0·87) | 0·82 (0·71–0·94) | |
| Liver-related | 127 | 0·94 (0·63–1·40) | 1 | 0·49 (0·30–0·79) | 0·15 (0·05–0·42) | 0·66 (0·54–0·80) | |
| Cardiovascular | 100 | 0·82 (0·50–1·34) | 1 | 0·79 (0·49–1·29) | 0·21 (0·08–0·53) | 0·78 (0·64–0·95) | |
| Other | 205 | 1·47 (1·05–2·05) | 1 | 0·93 (0·64–1·34) | 0·29 (0·14–0·59) | 0·69 (0·60–0·80) | |
| Unnatural* | 176 | 1·06 (0·74–1·53) | 1 | 0·91 (0·62–1·35) | 0·32 (0·16–0·63) | 0·79 (0·68–0·92) | |
| Missing/unknown | 710 | 1·23 (1·02–1·48) | 1 | 0·73 (0·58–0·91) | 1·19 (0·96–1·49) | 0·93 (0·87–1·00) | |
Data are hazard ratio (95% CI), mutually adjusted for age, sex, AIDS, risk group, CD4 cell count, HIV-1 RNA, and stratified by cohort, with 2000–03 as comparator.
*
Unnatural deaths include suicide, accident or other violent death, euthanasia, and substance abuse.