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Observed (a) occurrence and (b) extent of rainfed rice. Data are plotted at 18 km cell resolution, black = presence/high extent; white = absence/low extent. (c) Number of cropland cells (0.5 km cell) per 18 km cell from Broxton et al. (2014). State boundaries are plotted. Some areas were excluded from analysis due to unavailability of rice data (e.g. West Bengal) or because regions do not grow rice (e.g. western India).
