Table 4.
Geometric Mean Ratios.
| Drug | Victim Drug Administered Together With Patiromer,a GMR (90% LCL, UCL) | Victim Drug Administered 3 Hours After Patiromer,b GMR (90% LCL, UCL) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUC0-∞ | C max | AUC0-∞ | C max | |
| Amlodipine | 86.3 (82.4, 90.4) | 83.5 (78.4, 88.9) | 98.2 (93.8, 102.8) | 100.2 (94.2, 106.6) |
| Cinacalcet | 86.4 (81.2, 92.0) | 85.5 (75.8, 96.5) | 97.1 (91.1, 103.4) | 99.5 (88.0, 112.5) |
| Ciprofloxacin | 71.5 (65.3, 78.4) | 57.9 (45.4, 73.7) | 95.6 (87.5, 104.4) | 105.4 (82.9, 133.9) |
| Clopidogrel | 90.1 (82.9, 97.8) | 69.1 (62.7, 76.1) | 97.7 (90.2, 105.9) | 102.1 (92.7, 112.4) |
| Furosemide | 84.8 (80.6, 89.2) | 84.2 (73.7, 96.2) | 93.8 (89.2, 98.7) | 95.9 (84.0, 109.6) |
| Levothyroxinec | 81.4 (76.5, 86.7) | 91.6 (84.6, 99.2) | 98.1 (92.1, 104.5) | 95.9 (88.5, 103.8) |
| Lithium | 102.3 (100.2, 104.5) | 89.3 (84.4, 94.5) | 96.1 (94.1, 98.2) | 94.1 (89.0, 99.6) |
| Metformin | 80.6 (72.8, 89.2) | 66.4 (60.7, 72.7) | 98.1 (88.7, 108.6) | 99.2 (90.6, 108.6) |
| Metoprolol | 85.4 (80.8, 90.3) | 76.3 (68.7, 84.6) | 96.3 (91.0, 101.8) | 106.9 (96.3, 118.7) |
| Trimethoprim | 87.8 (84.7, 91.0) | 83.3 (79.8, 86.9) | 87.8 (84.7, 91.0) | 99.9 (95.7, 104.2) |
| Verapamil | 95.9 (92.2, 99.7) | 100.9 (93.5, 108.9) | 100.1 (96.3, 104.0) | 97.7 (90.5, 105.5) |
| Warfarin-R | 99.0 (96.0, 102.2) | 97.8 (93.7, 102.0) | 101.9 (98.9, 105.1) | 100.7 (96.6, 104.9) |
| Warfarin-S | 98.4 (94.8, 102.1) | 98.1 (93.3, 103.1) | 101.1 (97.6, 104.8) | 101.2 (96.3, 106.2) |
Abbreviations: AUC0-∞, area under the plasma concentration time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity; C max, maximum observed plasma concentration; GMR, geometric mean ratio; LCL, lower confidence limit; UCL, upper confidence limit.
aLevothyroxine is recommended to be administered from 1/2 hour to 1 hour before meal, and patiromer is recommended to be administered with food, so the 2 drugs were not administered at the same time, and “administered together” represents a 40-minute separation between levothyroxine and patiromer.
bThe first patiromer dose was administered 21 hours before victim drug, and the second patiromer dose was administered 3 hours after victim drug.
cBaseline-adjusted AUC0-48 is used because extrapolation to infinity is not valid for levothyroxine, because thyroid hormone values do not go to 0 due to endogenous production.