Table 5.
Mean Values at Baseline and 8 Years and Changes in Anthropometric, Metabolic, and Hormonal Parameters From Baseline to 8 Years in Total Treated and Untreated Groups.a
| Total Group Treated (n = 360) | P Value From Baseline | Total Group (Control; n = 296) | P Value From Baseline | Estimated Adjusted Difference Between Groups at 8 Years | P Value Between Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Year 8 | Baseline | Year 8 | |||||
| Anthropometry | ||||||||
| Weight (kg) | 103.9 (16.5) | 86.9 (8.9) | <.0001 | 91.8 (10.6) | 92.4 (9.0) | <.0005 | −18.8 | <.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 33.1 (5.4) | 28.0 (3.0) | <.0001 | 29.3 (3.5) | 29.7 (3.1) | <.0005 | −6.1 | <.0001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 105.8 (8.6) | 97.2 (6.5) | <.0001 | 106.7 (7.5) | 107.9 (6.4) | <.0001 | −11.0 | <.0001 |
| Glycemic control | ||||||||
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.7 (0.7) | 5.2 (0.1) | <.0001 | 5.6 (0.4) | 5.6 (0.3) | NS | −0.4 | <.0001 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.9 (1.4) | 5.6 (0.4) | <.0001 | 6.1 (1.2) | 6.4 (1.4) | <.0001 | −1.8 | <.0001 |
| Other metabolic parameters | ||||||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 7.2 (1.1) | 4.8 (0.2) | <.0001 | 6.3 (1.2) | 6.8 (1.1) | <.0001 | −2.6 | <.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.4 (0.5) | 1.9 (0.5) | <.0001 | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.7) | <.0001 | 0.5 | <.0001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.2 (1.1) | 2.7 (0.8) | <.0001 | 3.5 (1.5) | 4.0 (1.5) | <.0001 | −1.8 | <.0001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 3.1 (0.6) | 2.1 (0.1) | <.0001 | 2.9 (0.6) | 3.1 (0.6) | <.0001 | −1.1 | <.0001 |
| Total cholesterol: HDL ratio | 5.6 (1.9) | 2.6 (0.7) | <.0001 | 6.2 (3.5) | 5.6 (3.5) | NS | −3.8 | <.0001 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.8 (0.9) | 2.8 (0.5) | <.0001 | 5.0 (1.3) | 5.2 (1.4) | NS | −3.8 | <.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 151.3 (17.0) | 130.0 (6.6) | <.0001 | 139.5 (15.0) | 140.3 (13.3) | <.0005 | −24.3 | <.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 90.6 (11.6) | 74.4 (4.6) | <.0001 | 79.6 (9.2) | 81.1 (8.4) | <.005 | −16.0 | <.0001 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 77.5 (3.7) | 72.4 (2.1) | <.0001 | 76.2 (5.0) | 77.6 (4.0) | <.01 | −6.3 | <.0001 |
| Pulse pressure, mmHg | 60.7 (7.7) | 55.6 (4.9) | <.0001 | 59.9 (10.2) | 59.3 (6.9) | NS | −8.1 | <.0001 |
| Rate pressure product | 11 751 (1610) | 9421 (617) | <.0001 | 10 623 (1347) | 10 890 (1106) | <.0005 | −2656 | <.0001 |
| Liver transaminases | ||||||||
| AST, U/L | 39.6 (15.8) | 16.1 (2.4) | <.0001 | 23.4 (4.8) | 40.3 (7.7) | <.0001 | −27.4 | <.0001 |
| ALT, U/L | 41.7 (15.9) | 16.1 (3.0) | <.0001 | 27.4 (4.9) | 44.4 (7.8) | <.0001 | −31.4 | <.0001 |
| Total testosterone, nmol/L | 9.8 (1.3) | 16.5 (1.7) | <.0001 | 9.6 (1.9) | 9.0 (1.4) | <.05 | 7.0 | <.0001 |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NS, not significant; SD, standard deviation.
aData are shown as means (SD).