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Maturation of cancer "mushroom" in exponentially growing tissue. k, cycles of cell exponential growth; u, 4 × 10-5. a – e, stages of carcinogenesis. m(0), normal cells; m(1), m(2), m(3), and m(4), mutant cells with 1, 2, 3, and 4 mutations in cancer-related genes, respectively. Cell numbers in each layer are indicated on the right (see text).
