Fig 7. Schematic depiction of the effect of PINK1 G309D mutation on proteasome inhibition-induced cellular response.

Under the stress of proteasome inhibition, p38 and Akt are phosphorylated and they activate Nrf2, which then dissociates from Keap1. Activated Nrf2 subsequently translocates into the nucleus and induces the expression of HO-1, which provides a `neuroprotective effect. However, this pathway is abrogated by the PINK1 G309D mutation.