Table 1.
Demographic, Clinical and Task Performance Data
| Unrelated Healthy Controls (n=30) |
Healthy Relatives (n=30) |
MDD Relatives (n=30) |
BD Patients (n=30) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 33.4 (11.6) | 35.3 (5.6) | 32.9 (9.9) | 34.7 (7.7) |
| Male: Female | 15:15 | 14:16 | 16:14 | 15:15 |
| Full scale IQ | 108.4 (10.9) | 110.5 (10.5) | 109 (11.4) | 107.1 (12.1) |
| Age of onset (years) | n/a | n/a | 20.1 (9.1) | 19.2 (10.8) |
| HDRSa | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.1 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.9) | 3.2 (1.1) |
| YMRSa | 0.1 (0.8) | (0) (0) | 0.1 (1.3) | 1.3 (0.7) |
| BPRSa | 24.4 (0.7) | 24.5 (0.6) | 25.4 (0.9) | 27.1 (2.4) |
| 3-back, % correctb | 73.2 (12.4) | 88.5 (14.3) | 73.4 (17.2) | 69.8 (16.7) |
| 3-back, response time [sec]c | 0.85 (0.3) | 0.79 (0.3) | 0.84 (0.5) | 0.87 (0.6) |
Except for sex, data are presented as mean (standard deviation). Bipolar disorder=BD; BPRS=Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; IQ=Intelligence Quotient; HDRS=Hamilton depression Rating Scale; MDD=Major Depressive Disorder; YMRS=Young Mania Rating Scale; n/a=not applicable; there were no group differences in age, sex distribution, IQ and age of onset, P>0.7;
Significant effect of group for HDRS, YMRS and BPRS P<0.001; Post-hoc pairwise Bonferroni corrected comparisons showed that patients with BD more symptomatic than all other groups, P<0.01;
Significant effect of group F=15.8, P<0.01; Post-hoc Bonferroni corrected pairwise comparisons showed healthy relatives outperformed all other groups, P<0.02; Significant effect of group F=21.4, P<0.01; Post-hoc Bonferroni corrected pairwise comparisons showed healthy relatives outperformed all other groups, P<0.02