Table 3.
Ratio | ||||||||
Country | 1971–1975 | 1976–1980 | 1981–1985 | 1986–1990 | 1991–1995 | Mean | Range | Rank* |
Belgium | 13.62 | 13.27 | 12.08 | 9.46 | 7.29 | 11.15 | 6.33 | 1 |
Netherlands | 17.95 | 14.67 | 10.38 | 7.15 | 4.75 | 10.98 | 13.20 | 2 |
Finland | 16.40 | 12.56 | 10.25 | 7.83 | 6.20 | 10.65 | 10.20 | 3 |
Spain | 6.66 | 8.62 | 11.02 | 13.39 | 13.39 | 10.62 | 6.73 | 4 |
France | 10.58 | 11.76 | 11.06 | 9.97 | 8.42 | 10.36 | 3.34 | 5 |
Italy | 8.85 | 9.12 | 9.11 | 8.33 | 7.21 | 8.52 | 1.91 | 6 |
Poland | 8.24 | 8.32 | 8.23 | 7.73 | 6.91 | 7.89 | 1.41 | 7 |
Greece | 6.30 | 6.90 | 7.51 | 7.49 | 7.39 | 7.12 | 1.21 | 8 |
Portugal | 4.73 | 5.67 | 5.77 | 6.36 | 6.31 | 5.77 | 1.63 | 9 |
Hungary | 5.80 | 6.00 | 6.03 | 5.54 | 4.91 | 5.66 | 1.12 | 10 |
Australia | 6.65 | 5.11 | 4.24 | 3.43 | 2.84 | 4.45 | 3.81 | 11 |
Norway | 5.10 | 4.83 | 4.01 | 3.09 | 2.55 | 3.92 | 2.55 | 12 |
England and Wales | 5.24 | 4.26 | 3.42 | 2.77 | 2.36 | 3.61 | 2.88 | 13 |
Canada | 5.39 | 4.26 | 3.33 | 2.71 | 2.19 | 3.58 | 3.20 | 14 |
Japan | 3.27 | 3.42 | 3.57 | 3.71 | 3.78 | 3.55 | 0.51 | 15 |
New Zealand | 4.42 | 3.89 | 3.26 | 2.55 | 2.09 | 3.24 | 2.33 | 16 |
Denmark | 4.77 | 3.74 | 2.86 | 2.27 | 1.78 | 3.08 | 2.99 | 17 |
Sweden | 4.26 | 3.88 | 2.95 | 2.35 | 1.97 | 3.08 | 2.29 | 18 |
Singapore | 3.11 | 3.33 | 3.11 | 2.86 | 2.93 | 3.07 | 0.47 | 19 |
USA | 4.39 | 3.48 | 2.79 | 2.34 | 2.04 | 3.01 | 2.35 | 20 |
Cuba | 2.72 | 2.87 | 2.85 | 2.74 | 2.70 | 2.78 | 0.17 | 21 |
Hong Kong | 2.15 | 2.42 | 2.42 | 2.42 | 2.55 | 2.39 | 0.40 | 22 |
Taiwan | 2.00 | 2.04 | 2.16 | 2.11 | 2.21 | 2.10 | 0.21 | 23 |
*Rank by mean