Table 4.

Association of specific antiretroviral drugs in the first ART regimen with percent change in BMD, estimated within the immediate ART group (N=190). Participants who did not start ART within the first year were excluded.

Specific Drug in First ART Regimen	N (%)	Spine (L1–L4)		Total Hip		Femoral Neck
		Est. (95% CI)	P+	Est. (95% CI)	Pl+	Est. (95% CI)	P+
EFV	148 (77.9%)	0.26 (−0.89, 1.42)	0.65	−0.08 (−1.57, 1.41)	0.92	0.13 (−1.67, 1.94)	0.88
TDF	157 (82.6%)	−0.75 (−2.09, 0.58)	0.27	−1.71 (−3.38, −0.03)	0.05	−1.88 (−3.90, 0.15)	0.07
PI	25 (13.2%)	−1.79 (−3.05, −0.53)	<0.01	−0.70 (−2.37, 0.97)	0.41	−1.13 (−3.14, 0.89)	0.27
NNRTI	156 (82.1%)	0.65 (−0.53, 1.83)	0.28	0.31 (−1.22, 1.83)	0.69	0.35 (−1.50, 2.20)	0.71

⁺P-value for association between use of the drug in the first ART regimen and percent change in BMD, estimated separately for each drug in longitudinal mixed models which also included age, gender, race, location and season of enrollment, smoking status, alcohol use, drug use, diabetes, BMI, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, previous fracture, eGFR, mode of HIV infection, time since HIV diagnosis, baseline CD4 and CD8, CD4:CD8 ratio, HIV RNA, calcium or vitamin D supplements, baseline BMD and visit. Associations were estimated in separate longitudinal models for each drug. There was no adjustment for multiple comparisons.

EFV=efavirenz; eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate; NNRTI=non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI=protease inhibitor; TDF=tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.