Fig. 4.

Effect of HA on the production of LPS-induced circulating and pulmonary inflammatory cytokines. Pigs were allocated into LPS + HA (sham) and LPS + HA groups. Plasma was collected at baseline, and at the time point when ALI model was diagnosed (T0) and the end of the experiment schedule (8 h after T0). BALF and lung homogenates were prepared after pigs were euthanized. The systemic and pulmonary cytokine levels of IL-1β (a–c), IL-6 (d–f), IL-8 (g–i), TNF-α (j–l) and IL-17A (m–o) were detected by using ELISA kits. Values are mean ± SEM, N = 4 of each group. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 when compared between LPS + HA (sham) and LPS + HA groups; ^† P < 0.05 versus baseline and ^§ P < 0.05 versus T0 when compared within each group