Table 1.

Results of the ordered probit regressions for Wave 5

Variables	Absolute income	IIH
	Hypothesis	Strong version	Weak version
Income	$\underset{\left(1.22\text{e-}07\right)}{1.84\text{e-}06^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(1.20\text{e-}07\right)}{1.84\text{e-}06^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(1.44\text{e-}07\right)}{1.89\text{e-}06^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Income squared	$\underset{\left(1.55\text{e-}14\right)}{-2.06\text{e-}13^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(1.50\text{e-}14\right)}{-2.04\text{e-}13^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(1.73\text{e-}14\right)}{-2.09\text{e-}13^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Quintiles of income: Reference - Q5
Quintile 1			$\underset{\left(0.029\right)}{-0.258^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Quintile 2			$\underset{\left(0.028\right)}{-0.201^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Quintile 3			$\underset{\left(0.027\right)}{-0.115^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Quintile 4			$\underset{\left(0.026\right)}{-0.053^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Index of inequalities (II) - Theil		$\underset{\left(0.024\right)}{-0.403^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.049\right)}{-0.838^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Interaction quintile 1 and II			$\underset{\left(0.069\right)}{0.115^{\ast }}$
Interaction quintile 2 and II			$\underset{\left(0.068\right)}{0.114^{\ast }}$
Interaction quintile 3 and II			$\underset{\left(0.068\right)}{0.023}$
Interaction quintile 4 and II			$\underset{\left(0.068\right)}{0.062}$
GDP		$\underset{\left(4.53\text{e-}07\right)}{1.99\text{e-}06^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.049\right)}{0.0001^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Age	$\underset{\left(0.006\right)}{0.037^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.006\right)}{0.019^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.006\right)}{0.037^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Age squared	$\underset{\left(0.00004\right)}{-0.0004^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.0004\right)}{-0.0003^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.00004\right)}{-0.0004^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Years of education	$\underset{\left(0.001\right)}{0.034^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.001\right)}{0.028^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.001\right)}{0.026^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Gender =1 if women	$\underset{\left(0.009\right)}{0.003}$	$\underset{\left(0.009\right)}{0.005}$	$\underset{\left(0.009\right)}{0.007}$
Marital Status: Reference - Married
Registered partnership	$\underset{\left(0.035\right)}{-0.042}$	$\underset{\left(0.035\right)}{-0.006}$	$\underset{\left(0.035\right)}{0.058^{\ast }}$
Married, not living with spouse	$\underset{\left(0.039\right)}{-0.094^{\ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.039\right)}{0.004}$	$\underset{\left(0.039\right)}{-0.076^{\ast \ast }}$
Never married	$\underset{\left(0.019\right)}{-0.071^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.019\right)}{0.023}$	$\underset{\left(0.019\right)}{0.023}$
Divorced	$\underset{\left(0.015\right)}{-0.045^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.016\right)}{0.068^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.018\right)}{0.032^{\ast \ast }}$
Widowed	$\underset{\left(0.014\right)}{-0.024^{\ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.015\right)}{0.055^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.014\right)}{0.015}$
Job Situation: Reference Retired
Employed	$\underset{\left(0.014\right)}{0.253^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.014\right)}{0.224^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.014\right)}{0.246^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Unemployed	$\underset{\left(0.028\right)}{-0.212^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.028\right)}{-0.103^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.028\right)}{-0.176^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Permanently sick	$\underset{\left(0.026\right)}{-1.25^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.026\right)}{-1.069^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.026\right)}{-1.207^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Home-maker	$\underset{\left(0.017\right)}{-0.059^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.017\right)}{-0.064^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.017\right)}{-0.056^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Other	$\underset{\left(0.031\right)}{-0.236^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.031\right)}{-1.169^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(0.031\right)}{-0.207^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Mechanisms IIHs:
1 st: % Health expenditure in GDP		$\underset{\left(0.003\right)}{0.077^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
2 nd: Received help from others		$\underset{\left(0.006\right)}{-0.179^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
2 nd bis: Given help from others		$\underset{\left(0.0001\right)}{0.001^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
3 rd: Life satisfaction		$\underset{\left(0.003\right)}{0.216^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Cut-point μ 1	$\underset{\left(0.216\right)}{-0.474}$	$\underset{\left(0.219\right)}{0.899}$	$\underset{\left(0.215\right)}{-0.428}$
Cut-point μ 2	$\underset{\left(0.216\right)}{0.615}$	$\underset{\left(0.219\right)}{2.076}$	$\underset{\left(0.215\right)}{0.632}$
Cut-point μ 3	$\underset{\left(0.216\right)}{1.746}$	$\underset{\left(0.219\right)}{3.261}$	$\underset{\left(0.215\right)}{1.728}$
Cut-point μ 4	$\underset{\left(0.216\right)}{2.592}$	$\underset{\left(0.219\right)}{4.133}$	$\underset{\left(0.215\right)}{2.548}$
ME at mean of absolute income on:
Pr(Poor health)	$\underset{\left(1.92\text{e-}08\right)}{-2.84\text{e-}07^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(1.71\text{e-}08\right)}{-2.58\text{e-}07^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(2.32\text{e-}08\right)}{-3.02\text{e-}07^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Pr(Fair health)	$\underset{\left(2.05\text{e-}08\right)}{-3.06\text{e-}07^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(1.95\text{e-}08\right)}{-2.97\text{e-}07^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(2.49\text{e-}08\right)}{-3.24\text{e-}07^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Pr(Good health)	$\underset{\left(6.44\text{e-}09\right)}{8.80\text{e-}08^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(4.97\text{e-}09\right)}{6.65\text{e-}08^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(7.80\text{e-}09\right)}{9.56\text{e-}08^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Pr(Very good health)	$\underset{\left(1.78\text{e-}08\right)}{2.65\text{e-}07^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(1.68\text{e-}08\right)}{2.55\text{e-}07^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(2.14\text{e-}08\right)}{2.79\text{e-}07^{\ast \ast \ast }}$
Pr(Excellent health)	$\underset{\left(1.59\text{e-}08\right)}{2.37\text{e-}07^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(1.54\text{e-}08\right)}{2.34\text{e-}07^{\ast \ast \ast }}$	$\underset{\left(1.92\text{e-}08\right)}{2.51\text{e-}07^{\ast \ast \ast }}$

For AIH, dummies for countries are included but not reported, and available upon request

***: 1% significant; **: 5% significant; *: 10% significant. Standard deviations are in parentheses, below the coefficients.