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. 2017 Aug 14;7:8005. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08752-x

Table 1.

Means (±standard error) of the variables measured per Bombus terrestris colony. N = eight colonies per treatment (24 colonies in total).

control 2.4ppb 10ppb
Colony weights
      Colony weight (start, g) 549.1 ± 6.7 549.3 ± 6.6 550.5 ± 5.8
      No. workers (start) 94 ± 4.3 95 ± 7.6 108 ± 6.0
      Weight change (g) over experiment 336.56 ± 11.1 348.99 ± 17.9 322.46 ± 9.3
Total number bees produced over experiment
      No. workers 375 ± 43.45 400 ± 25.41 393 ± 51.73
      No. males 275 ± 20.83 231 ± 29.04 279 ± 28.91
      No. queens 1.75 ± 0.53 8.4 ± 4.21 2.25 ± 1.11
Dry weight of individuals produced
      Average worker weight (g) 0.052 ± 0.003 0.057 ± 0.004 0.052 ± 0.002
      Average male weight (g) 0.083 ± 0.003 0.104 ± 0.008 0.086 ± 0.003
      Average queen weight (g) 0.25 ± 0.020 0.25 ± 0.013 0.24 ± 0.015
Total biomass produced
      Total worker biomass (g) 19.43 ± 2.32 22.19 ± 0.87 19.54 ± 1.97
      Total male biomass (g) 22.99 ± 2.12 23.53 ± 3.14 23.95 ± 2.63
      Total queen biomass (g) 0.37 ± 0.06 1.90 ± 0.98 0.46 ± 0.18