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. 2017 Aug 14;7:8086. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08078-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In vivo recordings with TaiNi. (a) Recording configuration diagram, illustrating integration of electrophysiological (pink/red) and behavioural (blue) data streams. Boxes in purple represent the sync-pulse pathway connecting the two systems. A separate Linux workstation and Windows PC run the TaiNi and EthoVision acquisition software, respectively. Boxes in purple represent the sync-pulse pathway connecting the two systems. Blue circles represent the pellet foraging arenas, Grey squares are the infrared tables. Black rods represent the antennas on each table, which feed to a 4-way signal-joiner. (b) The pellet-foraging arena (left) and the home-cage used for sleep/rest recordings (right). (c) Simultaneous recordings from 4 mice in the home-cages. Each mouse contributes 16 traces - one from each channel on the electrode. Local field potentials are evident in all animals. The mouse in home-cage 2 shows recordings indicative of muscular artefacts typical of chewing or scratching. Action potentials can be seen in the recordings from home-cage 4. (d) Spatial firing fields of 10 neurons recorded from the CA1 field of the dorsal hippocampus of one of the mice, during the pellet foraging task. Mean firing rates are indicated above each heat-map. Warm colours represent higher firing rates. The blue box highlights a putative pyramidal cell (place-cell) with a characteristic well defined firing field on the north side of the arena. The red box highlights a putative interneuron with a more diffuse firing pattern. (e) Mean action-potential waveforms of the interneuron (int) and pyramidal cell (pyr). (f) For the same two cells, the action-potential autocorrelogram, highlighting the wider refractory-period and burst-firing tendency (pronounced peaks at ±5 ms) for the pyramidal cell (blue). (g) Five minutes of the hippocampal power spectrum from a mouse chasing pellets in the arena (top) or resting in the home-cage (bottom). Running speed (cm/s) is overlaid in white. Note the frequent pauses during foraging which accompany momentary reductions in the 4–12 Hz theta band. During rest, brief bursts of movement interrupt the 0.5–4 Hz delta power.