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. 2017 Aug 14;7:8081. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08427-7

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Large-scale beta diversity of fishes versus depth and latitude. Relationship between (a) component of variation within each depth stratum (a surrogate for latitudinal beta diversity) vs depth; and (b) component of variation within each location (vertical beta diversity) vs latitude, based on square-root-transformed pseudo multivariate components of variation calculated from a PERMANOVA partitioning of Jaccard dissimilarities (blue dots). Box plots in grey show distributions of values from 1000 bias-corrected separate-sample bootstraps of residuals. Blue dashes show 95% confidence intervals based on the 0.025 and 0.975 quantiles of the bias-corrected bootstrap distributions. The dotted line in (a) shows the exponential model of the decay in latitudinal beta diversity vs depth.