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. 2017 Aug 14;7:8050. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08027-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Film forming solution: 8% CA in 1,4-dioxane (Group 1 in Table 1); (a) A schematically drawn hollow fiber where the macroporous outer layer film encircles the support layer hollow fiber, (b) Cross sectional view of the porous film under scanning electron microscope (SEM), (c) Surface of the film under SEM, (d) pore size distribution [2724 number of pores in 39.54 × 10³ µm² of the measured area] of the surface of the film forming layer measured by IMS V15Q4 (Imagic Bildverarbeitung AG, Glattbrugg, Switzerland).