Table 2.
Chemical constituents in diesel engine particles generated from the combustion of three types of biodiesel fuels B7-DEPs, B20-DEPs, and SHB-DEPs
| Chemical constituents of the particulate samples | Diesel engine particles | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| B7-DEPs | B20-DEPs | SHB-DEPs | |
| Elemental composition (wt%) | |||
| Carbon | 85.53 ± 0.93 | 86.76 ± 1.09 | 87.51 ± 0.86 |
| Oxygen | 7.51 ± 1.02 | 6.31 ± 1.21 | 2.24 ± 0.85 |
| Nitrogen | 5.12 ± 0.97 | 5.15 ± 0.87 | 5.11 ± 0.85 |
| Zinc | 1.40 ± 0.44 | 1.24 ± 0.05 | 2.25 ± 0.77 |
| Sulfur | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.26 ± 0.07 |
| Copper | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.19 ± 0.08 | 0.45 ± 0.21 |
| Chlorine | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 1.33 ± 0.36 |
| Silver | – | – | 0.72 ± 0.12 |
| Iron | – | – | 0.21 ± 0.03 |
| Organic components (ng/mg) | |||
| Naphthalene | 3.86 | 7.74 | 3.13 |
| Acenaphthylene | 0.26 | 0.92 | 0.14 |
| Acenaphthalene | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.07 |
| Fluorine | 0.56 | 1.41 | 0.23 |
| Phenanhtrene | 12.33 | 20.83 | 5.13 |
| Anthracene | 1.13 | 1.73 | 0.56 |
| Fluoranthene | 36.04 | 6.06 | 6.36 |
| Pyrene | 90.33 | 43.23 | 40.53 |
| Benzo(a)anthracene | 2.07 | 1.14 | 1.76 |
| Chrysene | 10.26 | 3.98 | 6.92 |
| Benzo(b)fluoranthene | 4.30 | 1.65 | 2.80 |
| Benzo(k)fluoranthene | 2.59 | 1.58 | 1.38 |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | 0.38 | 0.83 | 0.22 |
| Benzo(a)fluoranthene | 0.65 | 1.57 | 0.27 |
| Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene | 0.36 | 0.44 | 0.19 |
| Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene | 0.07 | 0.24 | 0.05 |
| Dibenzo(g,h,i)perylene | 0.47 | 0.33 | 0.20 |
| Total PAHs | 165.78 | 93.54 | 69.93 |
Elemental composition (wt%) with standard deviation from three independent measurements. PAH concentrations (ng/mg) in the organic extracts from B7-DEPs, B20-DEPs, and SHB-DEPs