Table 4.
Mean participant age and seminal parameters in the total study population (n = 229) and in strata by HPV presence.
| Total group (n = 229) |
HPV DNA+ (n = 38; 16.6%) |
Exclusively HR HPV+ (n = 13; 5.7%) |
Exclusively LR HPV+ (n = 14; 6.1%) |
HPV MI+ (n = 1; 6.1%) |
HPV DNA− (n = 191; 83.4%) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age of participants (years) | 34.4 (32–33.7) | 33.5 (30.9–36.2) | 34.6 (30.7–38.6) | 34.3 (30.6–38.15) | 34.7 (30.7–37.8) | 32.8 (31.9–33.7) | 0.9 |
| Volume of semen (ml/ejaculate) | 2.9 (2.7–3.5) | 2.9 (2.3–3.3) | 3.1 (2.2–4.1) | 2.5 (1.8–3.1) | 2.4 (1.3–3.4) | 3.5 (3.3–3.7) | 0.85 |
| Coagulation time (minutes) | 24.9 (22.7–25.4) | 25.1 (24.5–25.7) | 24.8 (23.3–26.4) | 25.1 (24.2–25.9) | 24.2 (18.3–30.1) | 25.3 (25.2–25.5) | 0.9 |
| pH of semen | 7.8 (7.6–7.9) | 7.8 (7.7–7.9) | 7.8 (7.6–8.0) | 7.7 (7.6–7.8) | 8.1 (7.7–8.3) | 7.7 (7.64–7.71) | 0.0003 |
| Progressive motility (a + b) (%) | 43.6 (40.5–46.6) | 42.4 (34.9–49.9) | 48.6 (37.5–59.8) | 42.2 (27.3–57.2) | 35 (18.4–51.4) | 49.8 (40.5–54.4) | 0.7 |
| Sperm count (×106/ml) | 47.2 (41–58) | 46 (31–61) | 53 (24–81) | 50 (22–79) | 39 (6–71) | 48 (21–72) | 0.7 |
| Vitality (%) | 54.1 (49.7–61.9) | 54.5 (46.1–63.1) | 62.3 (52.5–72.2) | 54.4 (37.5–71.3) | 39.9 (26.8–56) | 59.4 (55.9–63) | 0.2 |
| Leukocytes (×103/ml) | 322.7 (309–346) | 252.6 (207–298) | 229.2 (143–315) | 336.7 (275–398) | 485.7 (31.59–939.8) | 345 (323.7–366.3) | <0.0001 |
HPV: human papillomavirus; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; +: positive; −: negative; HR: high risk; LR: low risk; MI: multiple infection; presented data are means (95% CI); CI: confidence interval; p value was obtained by one-way ANOVA, comparing the HPV-negative group with the four mutually HPV exclusive subgroups; p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.