Table 1.
Characteristics of the study subjects
| Survivor group (n = 256) | Nonsurvivor group (n = 50) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64.7 ± 15.2 | 75.3 ± 10.7 | <0.01 |
| Male (n, %) | 175 (68.4) | 34 (68.0) | NS |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 4.5 | 22.1 ± 3.8 | <0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134 ± 27 | 124 ± 32 | 0.03 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78 ± 19 | 70 ± 18 | <0.01 |
| Heart rate (/min) | 85 ± 30 | 82 ± 25 | NS |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 51.6 ± 16.7 | 39.7 ± 20.1 | <0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 86 (33.6) | 21 (42.0) | NS |
| Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 191 (74.6) | 28 (56.0) | 0.01 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 174 (68.0) | 34 (68.0%) | NS |
| Atrial fibrillation (n, %) | 59 (23.1) | 22 (44.0) | <0.01 |
| Ischemic heart disease (n, %) | 141 (55.1) | 27 (54.0) | NS |
| Diagnosis | |||
| Acute decompensated heart failure (n, %) | 71 (27.7) | 34 (68.0) | <0.01 |
| Acute coronary syndrome (n, %) | 121 (47.3) | 8 (16.0) | <0.01 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 172 ± 38 | 153 ± 27 | <0.01 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 105 ± 31 | 93 ± 21 | 0.03 |
| HDL- cholesterol (mg/dL) | 44 ± 14 | 42 ± 12 | NS |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 116 ± 72 | 86 ± 39 | 0.01 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 71.9 ± 27.4 | 45.4 ± 26.8 | <0.01 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 6.2 ± 1.2 | 6.1 ± 0.8 | NS |
| Total protein (g/dL) | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 6.5 ± 0.6 | NS |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | <0.01 |
| Brain natriuretic peptide (pg/mL) | 490 ± 762 | 1443 ± 1357 | <0.01 |
| Medication | |||
| Diuretics (n, %) | 45 (17.7) | 29 (59.2) | <0.01 |
| Antiplatelets (n, %) | 95 (37.4) | 25 (51.0) | NS |
| Anticoagulants (n, %) | 39 (15.4) | 22 (44.9) | <0.01 |
| ACE-I/ARBs (n, %) | 111 (43.7) | 29 (59.2) | NS |
| β-blockers (n, %) | 82 (32.3) | 22 (44.9) | NS |
| Calcium channel blockers (n, %) | 94 (37.0) | 18 (36.7) | NS |
| Inotropic agents (n, %) | 3 (1.2) | 9 (18.4) | <0.01 |
| Statins (n, %) | 81 (31.9) | 16 (32.7) | NS |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents (n, %) | 45 (17.7) | 9 (18.4) | NS |
| Insulin (n, %) | 15 (5.9) | 3 (6.1) | NS |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage)
LDL-cholesterol = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACE-I = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB = angiotensin-2 receptor blocker