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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 11.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Protoc Microbiol. 2017 Aug 11;46:20B.2.1–20B.2.32. doi: 10.1002/cpmc.33

Figure 4. Surgical technique for direct infection of the small intestine.

Figure 4

Transfected sporozoites are injected directly into the small intestine of IFN-γ KO mice. A-C) Once the anesthetized mouse is non-responsive, make a small incision in the skin and the peritoneum. E-G). Using blunt forceps, pull a small loop of the small intestine out of the abdominal cavity. Slowly inject solution containing transfected parasites and sterile blue food coloring into the lumen of the small intestine and allow to absorb. Gently replace the small intestine back into the cavity. I-K) Suture the opening of the peritoneum closed. L) Suture the skin closed using two knots.