Table 1.
Main clinical features and circulating ZAG levels in MetS and control subjects
| Variable | Controls (n = 234) | Mets (n = 255) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| male/female | 124/110 | 125/130 | NS |
| Age (year) | 51.9 ± 9.2 | 52.4 ± 7.4 | NS |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.6 ± 3.5 | 26.1 ± 3.7 | <0.001 |
| FAT (%) | 29.2 ± 6.9 | 30.6 ± 5.1 | 0.014 |
| WHR | 0.88 ± 0.06 | 0.91 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 119.6 ± 12.8 | 127.6 ± 13.2 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.2 ± 7.5 | 78.0 ± 8.2 | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.88 ± 0.92 | 5.00 ± 0.63 | NS |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.38 ± 0.62 | 2.07 ± 0.54 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.47 ± 0.34 | 1.32 ± 0.27 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.74 ± 0.76 | 2.72 ± 0.69 | NS |
| FFA (μmol/L) | 0.54 ± 0.27 | 0.67 ± 0.29 | <0.001 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 6.15 (5.30–8.57) | 8.98 (8.12–9.89) | <0.001 |
| 2 h–BG (mmol/L) | 9.52 (6.14–14.86) | 16.86 (12.76–20.44) | <0.001 |
| FIns (mU/L) | 10.90 (7.00–13.86) | 13.11 (9.76–16.47) | <0.001 |
| 2 h–Ins (mU/L) | 40.89 (34.8–51.71) | 45.73 (37.85–55.89) | 0.011 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.98 ± 1.52 | 7.84 ± 1.21 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.08 (1.80–4.93) | 5.45 (3.68–7.05) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-β | 60.76 (47.51–99.76) | 50.44 (37.89–59.90) | <0.001 |
| Adiponectin (μg/L) | 34.9 ± 11.4 | 31.1 ± 9.5 | <0.001 |
| ZAG (mg/L) | 46.1 ± 18.6 | 35.0 ± 11.8 | <0.001 |
MetS metabolic syndrome, BMI Body mass index, FAT% the percentage of fat in vivo, WHR Waist hip ratio, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, TC Total cholesterol, TG Triglyeride, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FFA free fatty acid, FBG fasting blood glucose, 2 h–BG 2-h blood glucose after glucose overload, FIns fasting insulin, 2 h–Ins 2-h plasma insulin after glucose overload, HbA1c glycosylated haemoglobin, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-β HOMA β cell insulin secretion index