Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with and without AL
| Characteristics | Patients without AL (n=9,589) | Patients with AL (n=2,309) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 55.34±17.64 | 69.06±10.53 | <0.0001 |
| Female | 5,414 (56.5%) | 760 (32.9%) | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 22.98±3.95 | 22.69±3.46 | <0.0001 |
| Smoking history (pack-years) | <0.0001 | ||
| 0–14 | 6,713 (70.0%) | 871 (37.7%) | |
| 15–24 | 787 (8.2%) | 185 (8.0%) | |
| 25–49 | 1,298 (13.5%) | 607 (26.3%) | |
| ≥50 | 683 (7.1%) | 610 (26.4%) | |
| Unknown | 108 (1.2%) | 36 (1.6%) | |
| Medical history | |||
| Pulmonary tuberculosis | 319 (3.3%) | 20 (8.8%) | <0.0001 |
| Malignant neoplasm | 4,802 (50.1%) | 1,262 (54.7%) | 0.0001 |
| Cancer of oropharynx and trachea | 270 (2.8%) | 106 (4.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Primary lung cancer | 573 (6.0%) | 354 (15.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Thyroid disease | 1,643 (17.1%) | 290 (12.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3,944 (41.1%) | 1,069 (46.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1,037 (10.8%) | 362 (15.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Major depressive disorder | 114 (1.2%) | 25 (1.1%) | 0.6700 |
| Essential hypertension | 1,270 (13.2%) | 503 (21.8%) | <0.0001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 441 (4.6%) | 205 (8.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Other heart disease | 938 (9.8%) | 418 (18.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Arteriosclerosis | 635 (6.6%) | 215 (9.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 752 (7.8%) | 256 (11.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Cerebral infarction and TIA | 568 (5.9%) | 210 (9.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Arterial thrombosis | 977 (10.2%) | 343 (14.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Acute bronchitis | 182 (1.9%) | 53 (2.3%) | 0.2180 |
| Pneumonia | 671 (7.0%) | 253 (11.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Liver disease | 1,992 (20.8%) | 559 (24.2%) | 0.0003 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 620 (6.5%) | 127 (5.5%) | 0.0860 |
| Gout | 77 (0.8%) | 29 (1.3%) | 0.0376 |
| Osteoporosis | 365 (3.8%) | 82 (3.6%) | 0.5627 |
| Kidney disease | 1,707 (17.8%) | 491 (21.3%) | 0.0001 |
Note: Data are numbers of individuals (%) unless otherwise stated.
Abbreviations: AL, airflow limitation; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; TIA, transient cerebral ischemic attack.