Table 1.

Overview of study characteristics.

No.	Author, year	State	Study population (n)	Area	Theory/ approach	Design	Duration	Outcome measures	Measurement tools
Cancer screening
1	Fang et al. (2007)	MD	KA women (102)	Cervical cancer screening	HBM and SCT	Quasi-experimental, pre-posttest, intervention/control	2-hr session and patient navigation, 6-mo follow-up	Psychosocial variables (perceived risk, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy)	Telephone interview
2	Han et al. (2009)	MD	KA women (93)	Breast cancer screening	TTM and HBM, CBPR	Quasi-experimental, pre-posttest	2-hr session, 6-mo Lay Health Workers follow-up counseling, 6-mo follow-up	Breast cancer knowledge, perceived susceptibility, benefits and barriers, modesty and utilization of oriental medicine, receipt of a mammogram, Clinical Breast Examination and Breast Self-Examination	Interview
3	Juon et al. (2006)	MD	KA women (200)	Breast cancer screening	TTM	Quasi, pre-posttest, intervention/control	90-min session, 6-mo follow-up	Intention, perceived pros and cons, decision balance, knowledge	Follow-up phone interview
4	Kim and Menon (2009)	IL	KA women (300)	Breast cancer screening	TTM and HBM	Quasi-experiment, pre-posttest, three groups (precontemplate, contemplate, relapse)	45-min session, 6-wk follow-up	Knowledge, beliefs, stages of readiness for mammography use	Questionnaire
5	Kim et al. (2010)	IL	KA women (180)	Breast cancer screening	TTM and HBM	Quasi-experiment, pre-posttest, intervention/ control	45-min session, 16 and 24-wk follow-up	Knowledge, beliefs, stages of readiness for mammography use	Questionnaire
6	Kim and Sarna (2004)	CA	KA women (141)	Breast cancer screening	PRECEDE/ PROCEED model, CBPR	Quasi-experiment, pre-posttest, three groups (peer group education and low-cost mammography/low-cost mammography alone/control)	1-hr session, 2-mo follow-up	Mammography use, attitudes, knowledge	Questionnaire
7	Maxwell et al. (2008)	CA	KA women (656)	Breast cancer screening	HBM and TRA/TPB	Quasi-experimental, pre-post, intervention/ control	Mailed print intervention, 3-mo follow-up	Reach, acceptability of intervention, repeated screening	Clinical records
8	Maxwell et al. (2010)	CA	KA women at risk (176)	Breast cancer screening	HBM	RCT, pre-posttest, intervention/control	Peer navigation, 6-mo follow-up	Completion of follow-up exam	Telephone survey (pre), questionnaire (post)
9	Wismer et al. (2001) Moskowitz et al. (2007)	CA	KA women (818 in 1994; 724 in 1997; 1084 in 2002)	Breast and cervical cancer screening	PRECEDE/ PROCEED model and community sensitivity research principles	Quasi-experimental, pre-, interim-, and post-intervention, cross-sectional	A 45 min. workshop, health counselor, 4-yr follow-up	Screening frequencies and differences over time, community intervention program exposure	Telephone survey
10	Ma et al. (2009)	PA	KA (167)	Colorectal cancer screening	HBM and SCT, CBPR	Quasi-experiment, pre-posttest, intervention/ control	2-hr, 6-wk sessions, post-intervention and 12-mo follow-up	Knowledge, HBM variables, screening behavior	Questionnaire and verified in the physician’s office
Chronic disease
11	Kim et al. (2006)	MD-DC	Hyper-tensive KA seniors (31)	Hyper-tension	Learned resource-fullness model and CBPR	Quasi-experiment, pre-posttest	2-hr, 6-wk sessions, 6-mo follow-up	Knowledge, adherence to HBP therapy, BP, quality of life	Interview and transmitted monitoring of BP
12	Kim et al. (2008)	MD-DC	Hyper-tensive KA (380)	Hyper-tension	Learned resource-fullness model and CBPR	RCT, Pre-posttest, intervention (mail education)/control (in-class)	2-hr, 6-wk sessions, 3-mo follow-up	BP, belief, knowledge, self-efficacy, medical adherence	Interview and transmitted monitoring of BP
	Han et al. (2010)	MD-DC	Hyper-tensive KA (360)	Hyper-tension	Learned resource-fullness Model and CBPR	RCT, Pre-posttest, intervention (bi-weekly)/control (monthly)	After 6-wk sessions, 12-mo. telephone counseling, 15-mofollow-up	Success rates in telephone outreach, adherence to medication, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise	Interview and transmitted monitoring of BP
	Kim et al. (2011)		Hyper-tensive KA (359)					BP, belief, knowledge, self-efficacy, medical adherence, depression	Questionnaire and transmitted monitoring of BP
13	Song et al. (2010)	MD-DC	KA (79)	Diabetes	CBPR	RCT pilot, pre-posttest, intervention/ control	Two 2-hr nutrition sessions out of 6-wk sessions, 18-and 30-wk follow-up	Nutrition knowledge, satisfaction	Questionnaire
	Kim et al. (2009)						2-hr 6-wk sessions, home glucose monitoring, 24-wk telephone counseling, 18-and 30-wk follow-up	A1C level, psychosocial variables (knowledge, self-efficacy, self-care activities, depression, diabetes-related quality of life)	Questionnaire and transmitted monitoring
Chronic mental illness
14	Shin and Lukens (2002)	NY	KA with Schizophrenia (48)	Schizophrenia	Not mentioned	RCT, pre-posttest, intervention/control	90-min, 10-wk sessions, weekly individual supportive sessions	Psychiatric symptoms, attitudes and coping skills	Questionnaire
	Shin (2004)				SCT, family systems theory, Stress theory			Stigma, devaluation, family empowerment, coping skills
Tobacco cessation
15	Fang et al. (2006)	PA	KA and Chinese smokers (66)	Smoking cessation	Cognitive-social health information processing model	RCT, pre-posttest, intervention/control	A 90–120 min. session, 1-wk, 1-mo, 3-mo follow-up	Health beliefs, self-efficacy, smoking cessation rates, distress	Telephone survey
General health
16	Sin et al. (2005)	WA	KA seniors (13)	Physical activity	Quality health outcome model	Non-experimental, pre-posttest	Three times weekly, 50-min session for 12 wks, post-intervention follow-up	Health outcomes (Arm curl test, 8-foot-UP-and-Go test, BP), satisfaction	Program log and test