Table 2.

Risk of Transition to a More or Less Severe State of Retinopathy as a Function of a Unit (1 Percentage Point) Increase in the Weighted Mean Glycated Hemoglobin Level.^*

Transition	Hazard Ratio for Transition (95% CI)
Worsening retinopathy
State 1 to state 2: no retinopathy to mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy	1.15 (1.12–1.19)
State 2 to state 3: mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy to moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy	1.38 (1.32–1.44)
State 3 to state 4: moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy to severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy	1.47 (1.18–1.82)
State 3 to state 5: moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy to proliferative diabetic retinopathy or clinically significant macular edema	1.10 (0.97–1.25)
State 4 to state 5: severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy to proliferative diabetic retinopathy or clinically significant macular edema	1.60 (1.15–2.23)
Improving retinopathy
State 2 to state 1: mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy to no diabetic retinopathy	0.88 (0.83–0.92)
State 3 to state 2: moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy to mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy	0.79 (0.73–0.85)
State 4 to state 3: severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy to moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy	0.77 (0.55–1.08)

^*The updated weighted mean glycated hemoglobin level was computed by weighting each value by the interval between measurements (see the Methods section).