Table 1.

Modulation of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by conessine

Bacterial strain	Antibiotic	Antibiotic Minimum inhibitory concentration (mg/L) with			Fractional inhibitory concentration indexb
		No EPIa	Conessine (20 mg/L)	PAβN (25 mg/L)	Conessine	PAβN
K767 (PAO1)	Cefotaxime	8	1	4	0.63	0.52
	Erythromycin	128	16	64	0.63	0.52
	Levofloxacin	0.25	0.03	0.03	0.63	0.15
	Novobiocin	1024	128	128	0.63	0.15
	Rifampicin	16	2	2	0.63	0.15
	Tetracycline	8	1	4	0.63	0.52
K1455 (PAO1-nalB)	Cefotaxime	64	8	64	0.63	1.02
	Erythromycin	256	32	64	0.63	0.27
	Levofloxacin	2	0.25	0.25	0.63	0.15
	Novobiocin	>2048	256	256	0.63	0.15
	Rifampicin	16	2	2	0.63	0.15
	Tetracycline	64	8	64	0.63	1.02
K1523 (PAO1-∆mexB)	Cefotaxime	1	0.13	0.13	0.63	0.17
	Erythromycin	128	16	64	0.63	0.55
	Levofloxacin	0.06	0.01	0.01	0.63	0.17
	Novobiocin	64	64	64	1.50	1.05
	Rifampicin	16	2	2	0.63	0.17
	Tetracycline	8	1	2	0.63	0.30

A reduction of at least 4-fold is indicated in bold

^aEPI, Efflux pump inhibitor

^bSynergy, <1; additivity, =1; antagonism >1