Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of HF patients and patients without HF.
| HF (N=156,743) | No HF (N=3,414,122) | |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Age (years) | 68 ± 11 | 59 ± 14 |
| Gender (% male) | 98 | 93 |
| Race (% black) | 16 | 17 |
| Marital Status | ||
| Married (%) | 54 | 56 |
| Single | 7 | 11 |
| Divorced | 26 | 26 |
| Widowed | 13 | 7 |
| Income ($) | 19,859 (11,225–31,460) | 23,129 (11,752–36,490) |
| Service connection (%) | 36 | 40 |
| Medication use (%) | ||
| Statin | 68 | 53 |
| ACEI/ARB | 87 | 50 |
| Beta blocker | 84 | 42 |
| CCB | 44 | 31 |
| Vasodilator | 14 | 4 |
| Thiazide | 33 | 32 |
| Loop diuretic | 79 | 16 |
| Potassium sparing diuretic | 32 | 8 |
| Anticoagulation | 37 | 17 |
| Antiplatelet agents | 16 | 9 |
| Digoxin | 35 | 4 |
| Inotropic agent | 3 | 0 |
| Comorbidities (%) | ||
| Medication compliance | 89 | 94 |
| Hypertension | 82 | 58 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 45 | 23 |
| CVD | 42 | 10 |
| CVA | 15 | 6 |
| PAD | 16 | 5 |
| Chronic lung disease | 43 | 17 |
| Dementia | 2 | 1 |
| Rheumatologic disease | 2 | 1 |
| Liver disease | 2 | 1 |
| Malignancy | 16 | 10 |
| HIV | 0 | 1 |
| Depression | 9 | 9 |
| Vital signs | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | 129±15 | 133±14 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71±9 | 76±9 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.4±7.2 | 29.1±5.6 |
| Laboratory Findings | ||
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 78±14 | 84±16 |
| Serum BNP (ng/l) | 262 (84–728) | 15 (1–74) |
| Serum Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 163±38 | 183±38 |
| Serum Sodium (mmol/l) | 139±3 | 139±3 |
| Serum Potassium (mmol/l) | 4.3±0.3 | 4.3±0.4 |
| Serum Bicarbonate (mmol/l) | 28±3 | 28±3 |
| Serum BUN (mg/dl) | 19±8 | 15±5 |
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation or median and interquartile range. Abbreviations: HF- heart failure; ACEI – angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB – angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB – calcium channel blocker; CVD – cardiovascular disease; CVA – cerebrovascular accident; PAD – peripheral arterial disease; SBP – systolic blood pressure; DBP – diastolic blood pressure; BMI – body mass index; BNP – brain natriuretic peptide; BUN – blood urea nitrogen; SD – standard deviation.
Due to the large sample size traditional comparisons were all statistically significant, and we hence determined significance based on biologically relevant differences.