Table 3. Individual measures of vascular function as predictors of a major CVD event (N=4547).

Vascular measure	Hazard Ratio (LCL, UCL) Minimal Model*	P	Hazard Ratio (LCL, UCL) Expanded Model†	P
Baseline brachial diameter	1.24 (1.04, 1.48)	0.02	1.09 (0.90, 1.31)	0.39
Flow-mediated vasodilation	0.78 (0.64, 0.95)	0.01	0.85 (0.69, 1.04)	0.12
Hyperemic mean flow velocity	0.76 (0.65, 0.89)	<0.001	0.84 (0.71, 0.99)	0.04
Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity	1.69 (1.41, 2.03)	<0.001	1.32 (1.07, 1.63)	0.01
Tonometry primary pressure wave	1.25 (1.12, 1.39)	<0.001	1.12 (0.99, 1.27)	0.06

Models add covariates to the vascular variables one at a time.

^*Minimal models adjusted for age, sex, and cohort.

^†Expanded models adjusted for age, sex, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension treatment, cohort, BMI, and relatedness. LCL, UCL, lower and upper limits of the 95% confidence intervals. HRs expressed per 1 SD higher value, 232 events (5%) with median of 8.6 years of follow-up.