Fig. 2.

MSCs activated the β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling pathway in MS-1 cells. a Difference in Wnt mRNA expression between the MSCs and MS-1 cells in a transwell coculturing system confirmed by qPCR. b Nuclear translocation of β-catenin in the MSC-treated endothelium elevated after coculturing with MSCs, indicated by an increase in FITC-β-catenin fluorescence in the MS-1 nucleus. c Confirmation of the increased β-catenin nuclear translocation and the expression of its target gene, cyclin D1, by western blotting analysis. Quantification of bands performed using ImageJ software. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001. MSC mesenchymal stromal cell, ns not significant