Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of newborns and their mothers by study group.
| Characteristics | Category | Group 1 (n = 33) | Group 2 (n = 30) | Group 3 (n = 39) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | Male | 20 (60.6) | 13 (43.3) | 19 (48.7) | 0.37a |
| Female | 13 (39.4) | 17 (56.7) | 20 (51.3) | ||
| Birthplace, n (%) | Home | 9 (27.3) | 20 (66.7) | 23 (59.0) | <0.01b |
| Health Centre | 4 (12.1) | 2 (6.7) | 10 (25.6) | ||
| Hospital | 20 (60.6) | 8 (26.7) | 6 (15.4) | ||
| Birth type, n (%) | Vaginal | 33 (100) | 30 (100) | 39 (100) | N/A |
| Mother’s age in years, n (%) | <20 | 3 (9.1) | 2 (6.7) | 6 (15.4) | 0.84b |
| 20–34 | 20 (60.6) | 20 (66.7) | 23 (59.0) | ||
| ≥35 | 10 (30.3) | 8 (26.7) | 10 (25.6) | ||
| Gestation, n (%) | Full term | 33 (100) | 30 (100) | 38 (97.4) | 0.99b |
| Premature | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.6) | ||
| Siblings, n (%) | 0 | 4 (12.1) | 4 (13.3) | 6 (15.4) | 0.75b |
| 1–3 | 16 (48.5) | 12 (40.0) | 21 (53.9) | ||
| >3 | 13 (39.4) | 14 (46.7) | 12 (30.8) | ||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | Mandinka | 6 (18.2) | 7 (23.3) | 12 (30.8) | 0.38a |
| Jola | 18 (54.6) | 18 (60.0) | 23 (59.0) | ||
| Other | 9 (27.3) | 5 (16.7) | 4 (10.3) | ||
| Birth weight in kg* | Median (min, max) | 3.1 (2.5–3.9) | 3 (2.6–3.4) | 3 (1.9–4.3) | 0.34c |
| Mother vaccinated, n (%) | No | 33 (100) | 30 (100) | 18 (46.2) | <0.01a |
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 21 (53.8) | ||
| Vaccinated siblings, n (%) | No | 33 (100) | 30 (100) | 34 (87.2) | 0.01b |
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (12.8) |
aChi square test. bFisher’s exact test. cKruskal-Wallis test.
*Birth weight was not recorded for 15, 16 and 11 of Group 1, 2 and 3 newborns respectively.