Table 1.
Participant characteristics at baseline
| Supervised exercise group(n=15) | Voluntary exercise group(n=14) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean±SD | mean±SD | |||
| SD: standard deviation, VO2 max: maximum oxygen uptake, KET: knee extensor torque, TC: total cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG: triglyceride, Cr: creatinine, UA: uric acid, FPG: fasting plasma glucose, HMW-ADP: high molecular weight adiponectin, dROM: reactive oxygen metabolites, BAP: biological anti-oxident potential, BDI-II: Beck depression inventory-II, POMS: profile of mood status, VAS: visual analogue scale. | ||||
| Anthropometry | ||||
| Age (yr) | 25.3±3.4 | 24.7±3.7 | 0.533 | |
| Height (cm) | 158.8±4.3 | 159.1±3.2 | 0.645 | |
| Weight (kg) | 48.6±5.6 | 50.6±7.6 | 0.455 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 19.3±1.9 | 19.9±2.5 | 0.359 | |
| Body fat (%) | 26.5±5.0 | 26.8±5.2 | 0.743 | |
| Muscle mass (%) | 31.7±7.9 | 34.9±3.0 | 0.089 | |
| Basal metabolic rate (kcal) | 1097±82 | 1130±115 | 0.295 | |
| Vital sign | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 105.4±5.9 | 106.2±11.3 | 0.710 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 66.7±5.6 | 67.8±6.8 | 0.760 | |
| Pulse rate (bpm) | 76.6±8.9 | 75.4±11.2 | 0.760 | |
| Physical fitness | ||||
| VO2max (ml/kg/min) | 38.4±4.8 | 37.3±4.7 | 0.527 | |
| 60 deg/sec KET (Nm/kg) | 198.1±35.1 | 202.8±37.3 | 0.541 | |
| 180 deg/sec KET (Nm/kg) | 120.4±23.8 | 129.0±22.6 | 0.407 | |
| Biochemistry | ||||
| TC (mg/dl) | 176.1±30.5 | 174.9±19.0 | 0.913 | |
| LDL-C (mg/dl) | 96.5±28.4 | 94.4±16.9 | 0.527 | |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 68.6±10.0 | 71.4±11.8 | 0.615 | |
| TG (mg/dl) | 49.6±15.4 | 48.3±12.4 | 0.793 | |
| Cr (mg/dl) | 0.6±0.1 | 0.7±0.1 | 0.101 | |
| UA (mg/dl) | 4.3±1.0 | 4.3±0.8 | 0.759 | |
| FPG (mg/dl) | 93.4±5.9 | 91.6±5.9 | 0.335 | |
| Insulin (μIU/ml) | 6.1±3.5 | 5.6±2.9 | 0.727 | |
| HMW-ADP (μg/ml) | 4.6±1.8 | 4.6±1.9 | 0.896 | |
| dROM (UCARR) | 239.6±70.0 | 272.6±51.4 | 0.138 | |
| BAP (μmol/l) | 1873±401 | 1971±364 | 0.600 | |
| Mental status | ||||
| BDI-II | 12.1±6.6 | 10.9±8.2 | 0.599 | |
| POMS | TMD: Total mood disturbance | 221.9±51.0 | 224.3±47.5 | 0.827 |
| T-A: tension-anxiety | 52.9±8.7 | 50.3±9.2 | 0.457 | |
| D: depression | 56.4±12.4 | 55.5±10.6 | 0.930 | |
| A-H: anger-hostility | 49.5±9.6 | 54.9±12.2 | 0.182 | |
| V: vigor | 46.6±7.5 | 45.6±9.2 | 0.497 | |
| F: fatigue | 54.3±9.0 | 56.1±9.3 | 0.497 | |
| C: confusion | 55.4±12.2 | 53.1±11.3 | 0.646 | |
| Self-efficacy | ||||
| Confidence to continue exercise | 40.1±23.0 | 40.4±15.4 | 0.662 | |
| (VAS: 0-100) | ||||