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. 2017 Aug 15;7:8136. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08225-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Lichen crude extracts inhibited A549 cell migration and invasion. (a,b) Quantitative analysis and representative images of migration assays in A549 cells treated with 10 μg/mL acetone extracts of Xanthoparmelia somloensis, Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca, Thamnolia vermicularis, Ramalina sp., and Everniastrum vexans. (c,d) Invasion assays in A549 cells treated with 10 μg/mL acetone extracts of X. somloensis and E. vexans, and quantitative analysis of invaded cell numbers in each group. Representative images from three independent experiments are shown (n = 3). Data represent the mean ± S.E.M. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; NS, no significant difference compared with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-treated A549 cells.