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. 2017 Aug 15;7:8168. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08632-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic diagram of the procedure to produce iPSC-derived SMC TEBVs from healthy and HGPS patients. (A) A fibroblast biopsy from either healthy (young or old) or HGPS individuals (B) is converted to induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) cultures. (C) iPSCs are then differentiated into induced smooth muscle cells (iSMCs) using a 31-day process as previously described by Xie et al.²¹. (D) iSMCs are then incorporated into a dense collagen gel construct that is seeded with human cord blood-derived endothelial cells from a separate, healthy donor on the luminal surface to create iSMC TEBVs using the process previously described by Fernandez et al.²⁰. (E) iSMC TEBVs are then incorporated into a flow loop and perfused with steady laminar flow at a shear stress of 6.8 dynes/cm² for 1 to 4 weeks for maturation and functional characterization studies. (F) Photographic images of HGPS iSMC TEBVs in the custom perfusion chambers under perfusion conditions.