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. 2017 Aug 15;7:8174. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08487-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression of chromogranin A, CCK and ghrelin proteins in human duodenal biopsies. Profile of the enteroendocrine cell marker, chromogranin A (A, ChA) and the gut hormones CCK (B) and ghrelin (C), was determined in the duodenal biopsies of lean (■), obese () and post-operative obese, (□) by immunohistochemistry. Bar charts (on the right) show number of cells counted expressing ChA or gut hormones. Statistical significance was determined by a One-way ANOVA with differences between means identified using a Holm-Sidak multiple comparison post-test where, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. Scale bars are either 100 or 50 µm. Nuclei are stained blue with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (Dapi).

Inline graphic — Expression of chromogranin A, CCK and ghrelin proteins in human duodenal biopsies. Profile of the enteroendocrine cell marker, chromogranin A (A, ChA) and the gut hormones CCK (B) and ghrelin (C), was determined in the duodenal biopsies of lean (■), obese () and post-operative obese, (□) by immunohistochemistry. Bar charts (on the right) show number of cells counted expressing ChA or gut hormones. Statistical significance was determined by a One-way ANOVA with differences between means identified using a Holm-Sidak multiple comparison post-test where, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. Scale bars are either 100 or 50 µm. Nuclei are stained blue with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (Dapi).