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. 2017 Aug 15;7:8246. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08597-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extracellular citrullination associates with inflammation markers. (a) Correlation of extracellular citrullination (mass spectrometry, MS) and white blood count (WBC). (b) Correlation of PAD activity (enzyme assay) and WBC. (c) The level of extracellular citrullination (mass spectrometry) in inflammatory (WBC over 200 × 10⁶ dm⁻³) and non-inflammatory synovial fluids. (d) PAD activity (enzyme assay) in inflammatory (WBC over 200 × 10⁶ dm⁻³) and non-inflammatory synovial fluids. (e) Level of extracellular citrullination (mass spectrometry) in anti-citrulline antibody positive and negative RAs. (f) Number of identified citrullinated extracellular proteins in anti-citrulline antibody positive and negative RAs. (g) Correlation between extracellular citrullination and the relative amount of granulocytes among white blood cells. The number of samples varies because in some cases the university hospital did not routinely perform standard assays. (h) The WBC in the synovial fluid samples in which the citrullination of R234 in fibronectin, the known integrin binding site, can be detected. (i) The correlation between the citrullination level of R234 in fibronectin and PAD activity. (j) The correlation between the citrullination level of R234 in fibronectin and WBC. P-values were calculated with two-tailed Student’s t-test. Error bars show SEM.