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. 2017 Aug 15;7:8218. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08123-6

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Serum cytokine/chemokine levels in CTS patients. Heat maps comparing the expression profile of control and CTS serum cytokines, which are grouped as (A) Chemokines; (B) Growth factors; and (C). Cytokines. Values are median cytokine concentration (pg/ml), with red indicating lowest levels, blue-purple indicating highest levels, and yellow-green indicating median levels. (D) Serum CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL10 and VEGF levels are significantly increased in CTS patients (n = 26) relative to healthy controls (n = 26). Lines represent the median and interquartile range.